تعیین اهداف اصلاحی گوسفند مغانی در سیستم پرورش عشایری

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی- ژنتیک و اصلاح دام و طیور

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقـق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

بهترین راه برای حداکثرکردن سود آوری از طریق اصلاح نژاد، استفاده از ضرایب اقتصادی صفات به همراه ارزیابی ژنتیکی است. هدف تحقیق حاضر، تحلیل هزینه فایده در گله‌های این نژاد در شرایط پرورش عشایری می‌باشد. در این مطالعه پارامترهای تولیدی، مدیریتی و اقتصادی حاصل از رکوردگیری پنج گله به تعداد 500 راس میش داشتی گوسفند نژاد مغانی در طول چرخه تولیدی از شهریور سال 1394 تا شهریور 1395 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ضرایب اقتصادی صفات با استفاده از گرایش حداکثر سود، توسط نرم افزارMATLAB محاسبه گردید. برای تعیین ضرایب اقتصادی نسبی، ضریب اقتصادی مطلق هر صفت، به ضریب اقتصادی مطلق صفت وزن پشم تقسیم گردید. آنالیز اقتصادی سیستم تولید نشان داد که هزینه‌ها، درآمدها و سود حاصل به ازای هر رأس میش در سال به ترتیب 88/9437617، 49/10637654و 61/1200036ریال بود. هزینه‌های مربوط به تغذیه و مدیریت به ترتیب 65/73 و 35/26 درصد از کل هزینه‌های جاری ودرآمد حاصل از فروش وزن زنده، شیر، کود و پشم به ترتیب 39/86، 64/9، 85/2 و 15/1 درصد از کل درآمد را شامل شدند. ضرایب اقتصادی نسبی برای صفات مختلف به ترتیب بازده لاشه‌، وزن دوازده ماهگی‌، زنده‌مانی میش، وزن شیرگیری بره‌، وزن تولد‌، میزان آبستنی‌، زنده‌مانی بره بعد از شیرگیری‌، زنده‌مانی بره تا شیرگیری، تعداد بره در هر زایش، دفعات زایش درسال، افزایش وزن روزانه بعد از شیرگیری، وزن بیده پشم، وزن شیر، افزایش وزن روزانه قبل از شیرگیری، وزن جایگزین ماده و وزن میش بالغ 30/7، 27/4، 08/3، 85/2، 44/2، 35/2، 07/2، 85/1، 54/1، 42/1، 05/1، 1، 55/0، 34/0، 06/0-، 81/1- گزارش شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Breeding Objectives of Moghani sheep in Nomadic System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Seyedsharifi 1
  • fatemeh nour afkan 2
  • mostafa phouladi 2
  • Jamal Seifdavati 1
1 Animal Science Department of University of Mohaghegh Ardebili, Ardebil, Iran.
2 University of MohagheghArdabili
چکیده [English]

Introduction Improving animal performance should be sustainable and economically profitable, therefore economic selection indices have been used in most breeding programmes for livestock. For this purpose, economic weighting factors have to be estimated for all traits in the breeding objective.The best way to maximize profitability through genetic improvement is to use economic weights of the trait Involved. In this study, to estimate the economic values of production and reproduction traits, Costs, revenues and profit analysis in nomadic systems, determine the breeding objective for Moghani sheep. The human population is growing fast which it seems that in spite of the recent progresses in new issues and technologies, they are not enough to fulfill feed requirements of humankind. Planning a suitable breeding system would be an important practical method in using the production potential of local sheep flocks. Therefore, it is essential to estimate economic values of production traits in a one or multivariate selection scheme to evaluate the priority in-comes and costs of a breeding system. A bio-economic model was used to describe performance, revenues and costs and to calculate the economic values, economic values are determined from these models by simulating changes in the genetic level of a trait and noting the associated changes in overall economic outcome. As a first step in developing such a programme a suitable breeding goal for the cattle population has to be defined, giving emphasis to production as well as to functional traits in order to achieve a more sustainable production. For a sustainable production, traits that have been identified as important for selection are also functional traits. The economic value of a trait is defined as the increase in profit resulting from a unit genetic improvement in that trait, while all other traits in the breeding objective are kept constant in simple terms economic values are defined as the effect on the efficiency of production of a marginal unit increase in a trait, independent of changes in other traits. Economic efficiency of the production system was calculated as the difference between total revenues and total costs per cow and year at the stationary herd structure.
Materials and Methods In this study, production, reproduction, management and economic parameters resulted from recording of 5 flocks with 500 head of breeding ewes during annual cycle of production (August 2015 to August 2016) in extensive rearing system were used to determine the breeding objective and relative economic values.Traits included; fertility, pregnancy rate, weight lambs from birth to the end of period, survival rate of lambs, wool production weight, average daily gain and milk production. A bioeconomic model was written for rearing system and flock information, economic values using maximum profit orientation was calculated by partial derivative of the profit function by the MATLAB software. To calculate economic values, change in system profit per unit change in the trait while was kept the other characters in the average, and was considered the average change in profit as an economic value. To calculate the relative economic values, the absolute economic value of each trait divided by the absolute economic value of weight of wool.First all costs, revenues, profits and flock structure determined then intered input files and run the software.
Results and Discussion Economic analysis of system indicated that, costs, revenue, and profit per ewe per year were 9437617.88, 10637654.49, and 1200036.61 Rials, respectively.The results showed that live weight, milk yield, manure and wool yield accounted for 86.36 %, 9.64 %, 2.85 and 1.15% of total revenue, respectively. Feeding and management costs (variable costs) represented 73.65% and 26.35 % of total cost, respectively. The relative economic values for Carcass yield, Lamb live weight at 12-month , ewe survival, Post-weaning lamb survival, Pre-weaning lamb survival, Lamb live weight at 4-month, birth weight, conception rates ewes, , little size, Lambing frequency per year, Average daily gain yearlings, Wool weight, Milk yield of ewe, Average daily gain lambs, Replacement female weight, Adult weight of ewes were7.30,4.27, 3.08,2.85,2.44,2.35,2.01,1.85,1.54, 1.42, 1.05,1, 0.55, 0.34,- 0.06, and ( -1.81) respectively.
Conclusion Breeding objective in Moghani sheep breed were Carcass yield, Lamb live weight at 12-month, ewe survival, Post-weaning lamb survival, Pre-weaning lamb survival, Lamb live weight at 4-month, birth weight, conception rates ewes, little size, Lambing frequency per year, Average daily gain yearlings, wool weight, Milk yield of ewe, Average daily gain lambs, Replacement female weight and Adult weight of ewes respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic value
  • Moghani Sheep
  • Nomadic system
  • Production traits
  • Reproduction traits
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