تأثیر افزودنی پروبیوتیک بر عملکرد و فراسنجه‌های خونی گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

نویسندگان

گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن پروبیوتیک بر تولید، ترکیب شیر و فراسنجه­های خونی در گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین انجام شد. به این منظور 12 رأس گاو شیرده هلشتاین با متوسط تولید روزانه 3 ± 35 کیلوگرم و روزهای شیردهی 7 ± 110 روز در این آزمایش استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1- تیمار شاهد (جیره بدون استفاده از پروبیوتیک)، 2- جیره حاوی 6 گرم در روز پروبیوتیک قارچی (مخمر ساکارومایسز سرویسیه) بود. گاوها در جایگاه­های انفرادی نگهداری شده و با جیره کاملاً مخلوط و در حد اشتها تغذیه شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که افزودن مخمر ساکارومایسز سرویسیه در جیره اثر معنی­داری بر مصرف ماده خشک در گاوهای شیری هلشتاین در مقایسه با گروه شاهد نداشت. میزان تولید شیر به‌طور معنی­داری  در گاوهای تغذیه‌شده با مخمر ساکارومایسز سرویسیه در مقایسه با گروه شاهد افزایش یافت. راندمان خوراک تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. همچنین، مکمل نمودن مخمر ساکارومایسز سرویسیه درصد چربی شیر را در گاوهای هلشتاین افزایش داد درحالی‌که درصد پروتئین و لاکتوز شیر تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت. مکمل نمودن مخمر ساکارومایسز سرویسیه در جیره منجر به افزایش معنی­دار گلوکز، کلسترول، کلسیم و فسفر سرم خون و نیز کاهش معنی­دار نیتروژن اوره­ای خون در گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین شد. همچنین، افزودن مخمر در جیره تمایل به افزایش انسولین، HDL و نیز تمایل به کاهش NEFA در سرم خون گاوهای شیری هلشتاین داشت. درمجموع، نتایج حاکی از آن است که افزودن مخمر ساکارومایسز سرویسیه در جیره باعث بهبود عملکرد گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Application of Probiotic on Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Blood Parameters of Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows

نویسندگان [English]

  • hamid firooznia
  • Akbar Taghizadeh
  • Sadegh Alijani
  • Hamid Mohammadzadeh
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction[1]The alimentary tract microbial community, is effective on energy efficiency in the host, including energy intake, transport, conversion, and storage. The term “probiotics” has been amended by the FAO/WHO to “Live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, cause a health benefit on the host”. Animal nutritionists always try to maximize production efficiency of dairy cattle. Using various additives in animal ration is a common and popular approach to increase yield and production efficiency. Application of antibiotics in diets has proven to be effective tools for improve energy retention and reduce nutrient losses in ruminant animals. However, many countries concern regarding use of antibiotics in animal feed industry. Then, researchers try to find other non-antibiotic alternatives to manipulate rumen fermentation in order to reduce energy and nutrient losses and improve nutritional value of diets. In the last years, use of direct-fed microbial as a feed supplements have been studied in many countries around the world. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a commonly used direct-fed microbial supplementation in dairy cattle ration. Although improve in milk production, milk fat synthesis, rumen pH, ratio of propionate to acetate and fiber digestibility has been seen in some experiments, However, dairy cattle have been shown different responses to Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation in their feed. Then, the current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on milk yield and composition, feed intake, production efficiency and blood parameters of high producing multiparous Holstein lactating cows.
Materials and Methods Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows with average daily yield of 35 kg and 110 days in milk were used in this study. Experimental period length was 28 days including 21 d for adaptation period and the last 7 d for sample taking and data recording. Dietary treatments consisted of 1) control (ration without probiotic) and 2) diet containing 6 g/d probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that fed as ad libitum. Diets were equal in terms of protein, net energy for lactation and neutral detergent fiber. During experimental period, milk yield was recorded on d 14, 21 and 28 of trial and were sampled to evaluate milk composition such as protein, fat, and lactose using milkoscan set. Feeds and orts were weighed daily from d 21 to 28 to determine the feed intake of animals. To assess biochemical blood parameters, each cow was bled via vein 2 hours after morning feeding at the last day of trial. Blood samples then were centrifuged at 4 ºC and 1850×g for 20 minutes. Then, serum was analyzed for glucose, insulin, calcium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acids using kits. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the MIXED procedure of SAS.
Results and Discussion Results showed that dietary inclusion of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) had no effect on dry matter intake of animals as compared to control group. However, dry matter intake was numerically higher in animals fed Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to acceleration in fiber digestion and consequently higher passage rate. Milk yield was increased (P<0.01) in cows fed Saccharomyces cerevisiae when compared to control group. Moreover, feed efficiency was not affected by dietary treatments. Similarly, supplementation of 6 g/d Saccharomyces cerevisiae noticeably increased (P<0.01) milk fat percentage and tended to decrease (P=0.06) milk urea nitrogen concentration due to lower blood urea nitrogen in this group. However, milk protein and lactose percentage were not affected by inclusion of 6 g/f Saccharomyces cerevisiae in diet. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae led to an increase in blood serum glucose (P<0.01), cholesterol (P<0.05), calcium (P<0.01) and phosphorus (P<0.01) concentration and a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (P<0.05) concentration in Holstein lactating cows. Also, dietary inclusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tended to increase blood serum insulin (P=0.08) and high density lipoprotein (P=0.05) concentration and tended to decrease non-esterified fatty acids (P=0.06) concentration in dairy Holstein cows.
Conclusion In general, results of this experiment indicated that dietary inclusion of 6 g/d of Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused an improvement in milk yield and milk composition of dairy Holstein cows. Moreover, improvement in blood glucose, high density lipoprotein, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus concentration and reduction in non-esterified fatty acids in response to Saccharomyces cerevisiae might lead to better reproduction performance and prevention some metabolic disease (e.g. ketosis and fatty liver) of high producing dairy cattle.
 
1

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Energy balance
  • Fiber Digestion
  • Probiotic
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Urea Nitrogen
1- Alshaikh, M. A., M. Y. Alsiadi, S. M. Zahran, H. H. Mogawer and T. A. Aalshowime. 2002. Effect of feeding yeast culture from different sources on the performance of lactating Holstein cow in Saudi Arabia. Asian-Australas. Journal of Animal Science, 15: 352–356.
2- Ayad, M. A., B. Benallou, M. S. Saim, M. A. Smadi and T. Meziane. 2013. Impact of feeding yeast culture on milk yield, milk components and blood components in Algerian dairy herds. Journal of Veterinary Science Technology, 4: 135-139.
3- Bach, A., C. Iglesias and M. Devant. 2007. Daily rumen pH pattern of loose-housed dairy cattle as affected by feeding pattern and live yeast supplementation. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 136:146.
4- Banadaky, M. D., A.N. Khah and A. Zali. 2003. Effects of feeding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on productive performance and blood components of lactating Holstein dairy cows. Annual Conference, October, 2003, PP: 106.
5- Bitencourt, L. L., J. R. M. Silva, B. M. Lopez de Oliveira, G. S. Dias Junior, F. Lopes, S. S. Junior, O. de Fatima Zacaroni, and M. N. Pereira. 2011. Diet digestibility and performance o dairy cows supplemented with live yeast. Science and Agriculture, 68: 301-307.
6- Bruno, R. G. S., H. M. Rutigliano, R. L. Cerri, P. H. Robinson and J. E. P. Santos. 2009. Effect of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance of dairy cows during summer heat stress. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 150: 175-186.
7- Cakiroglu, D., Y. Meral, D. Pekmezci and F. Akdag. 2010. Effects of live yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on milk production and blood lipid levels of Jersey cows in early lactation. Journal of Animal and Veterinay Advanced, 9: 1370-1374.
8- Callaway, E. S., and S. A. Martin. 1997. Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on ruminal bacteria that utilize lactate and digest cellulose. Journal of Dairy Science, 80:2035-2044.
9- Carro, M. D., P. Lebzien and K. Rohr. 1992. Influence of yeast culture on the in vitro fermentation of diets containing variable portions of concentrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 37: 209-220.
10- Chaucheyrae-Durand, F., and G. Fonty. 2002. Yeasts in ruminant nutrition: experiences with a live yeast product. Kraftfutter, 85: 146-150.
11- Dawson, K. A., and J. Tricarico. 2002. The evolution of yeast cultures-20 years of research. In: Navigating from Niche Markets to Mainstream. Proceedings of Alltech’s European, Middle Eastern and African Lecture Tour, pp 26-43.
12- Desnoyers, M., S. Giger-Reverdin, G. Bertin, C. Duvaux-Ponter and D. Sauvant. 2009. Meta-analysis of the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on ruminal parameters and milk production of ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science, 92:1620-1632.
13- Dolezal, P., J. dvoracek, J. Dolezal, J. Cemakova, L. Zeman and K. Szwedziak, 2011. Effect of feeding yeast culture on ruminal fermentation and blood indicators of Holstein dairy cows. Acta Veterinary, 80: 139-145.
14- El-Sherif M. M. A., and F. Assad. 2001. Changes in some blood constituents of Barki ewes during pregnancy and lactation under semiarid conditions. Small Ruminant Research, 40: 269-277.
15- Erasmus, L. J., P. M. Botha, and A. Kistner. 1992. Effect of yeast culture supplement on production, rumen fermentation and duodenal nitrogen flow in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 75: 3056-3065
16- Fadel El-seed, A. N. M., A. J. Sekine, H. E. M., Kamel, and M. Hishinuma. 2004. Changes with time after feeding in ruminal pool sizes of cellular contents, crude protein, cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 74: 205-210.
17- Holder, V. 2007. The effects of specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and monensin supplementation on rumen fermentation in vitro. Thesis, pp. 147.
18- Holtshausen, L., and K. A. Beauchemin. 2010. Supplementation barley-based dairy cow diets with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Professional Animal Scientist, 26: 285-289.
19- Hutjens, M. F. 1996. Practical approaches to feeding the high producing dairy cow. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 56:199-206.
20- Milewski, S., and P. Sobiech. 2009. Effect of dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae dried yeast on milk yield, blood biochemical and hematological indices in ewes. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 53: 753-758.
21- Miller-Webster, T., W. H. Hoover, M. Holt, and J. E. Nocek. 2002. Influence of yeast culture on ruminal microbial metabolism in continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 2009–2014.
22- Newbold, C. J., R. J. Wallace, X. B. Chen, and F. M. McIntosh. 1995. Different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae differ in their effects on ruminal bacterial numbers in vitro and in sheep. Journal of Animal Science 73: 1811-1819.
23- Nisbet, D. J., and S. A. Martin. 1991. Effect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on lactate utilization by ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium. Journal of Animal Science 69: 4628-4633.
24- Patra, A. K. 2012. The use of live yeast products as microbial feed additives in ruminans nutrition. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinay Advanced, 7: 366-375.
25- Piva, G., S. Belladonna, G. Fusconi, and F. Sicbaldi. 1993. Effects of yeast on dairy cow performance, ruminal fermentation, blood components, and milk manufacturing properties. Journal of Dairy Science, 76: 2717-2724.
26- Robinson, P. H. 1997. Effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on adaptation of cows to diets postpartum. Journal of Dairy Science, 80:1119-1125.
27- Russell, J. B. 2002. Rumen Microbiology and Its Role in Ruminant Nutrition. Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) Ed., 122p.
28- Schwab, C. G., C. K. Bozak, N. L. Whitehouse, and M. M. Mesbah. 1992. Amino acid limitation and flow to duodenum at four stages of lactation. 1. Sequence of lysine and methionine limitation. Journal of Dairy Science, 75, 3486–3502.
29- Strohlein, H. 2003. Back to nature. Live yeasts in feed for dairy cows. DMZ, Lebensm Ind Milchwirtsch, 124: 68–71.
30- Williams, P. E., C. A. Tait, G. M. Innes, and C. J. Newbold. 1991. Effects of the inclusion of yeast cultures (Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentations patterns in the rumen of steers. Journal of Animal Science, 69: 3016-3022.
31- Wohlt, J. E., T. T. Corcione, and P. K. Zajac. 1998. Effect of yeast on feed intake and performance of cows fed diets based on corn silage during early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 81: 1345-1352.
32- Yalcin, S., S. Yalcin, P. Can, A.O. Gurdal, C. Bagci and O. Eltan. 2011. The nutritive value of live yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisae) and its effect on milk yield, milk composition and some blood parameters of dairy cows. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 24: 1377-1385.
CAPTCHA Image