The Effect of Cinnamon Nanoparticles Produced with Ultrasonic Waves on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Thyroid Hormone Levels, and Ileal Bacterial Population in Broiler Chickens

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

• Mokhtar Fathi ¹
• Alihashem Mohammad ²
• Kianoosh Zarrinkavani ²
• zahra biranvand ³

¹ Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran.

³ Department of Animal Science, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam, Iran

10.22067/ijasr.2025.91679.1231

Abstract

Introduction: Today, the tendency to find healthy and safe additives in livestock and poultry has increased. Plants and their products include plant extracts, essential oils or their ingredients, including alternative growth stimuli, which are due to their antimicrobial properties in the animal feed industry and in the field of testing. Cinnamon is a plant from the Lauraceae family and has different species, the most famous of which are two species: species, Cinnamomumorum, known as the Cinnamon, Cinnamon Market, is one of the most desirable types of cinnamon, and the species, Cinnamomum Cassia, which is mainly in China, Vietnam and Indonesia, is called Cinnamon China and Saigon. These two types of cinnamon are not the same in quality, but due to their many similarities in terms of properties and perfumes, in most parts of the world they do not differentiate for these two types of cinnamon. Cinnamon is commonly used in the animal feed and poultry because of its specific fragrance cinnamon essential oil is the only important part of cinnamon that contains 1 % in the plant. The main ingredients of cinnamon cinnamaloids, hydroxy cinnamaldehy, eugenol, safrol, cinnamil acetate, cinnamyl alcohol, carvacrol, cumarin, terminoids, phenylprophanoids, and karyophylline can be used to treat insulin-like activity. Cinnamon essential oils are responsible for the taste, the expansion of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The researchers consider the antioxidant effect of cinnamon to be more related to the two compounds of eugenol and methyl hydroxy chalkon. Eughansol improves the activity of glutathione peroxidase and enhances resuscitated glutathione. It has shown that cinnamon extract prevents the growth of some bacteria, such as Helicobacter Pillari, E. Coli, Entreococcus, Sinodomonas, Staphylococcus and Salmonella, thereby increasing the relative population of the lactobacillus. It is guessing that terminoids and phenyropopanoids in cinnamon oil are penetrated into the membrane membrane of the bacteria and thus destroy them. In another study, cinnamon antimicrobial properties attributed to the contents of cinnamady, eugenol and carvacrol. In spite of the enormous impact of cinnamon compounds, limited absorption, rapid metabolism, high solubility and the rapid elimination of the biological systemic system is extremely limited and thus strictly limited its medicinal role. One of the suggested ways is to use cinnamon in the form of nanoparticles that can enhance the absorption, solubility and protection of its compounds against hydrolysis. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate nanocinomon (nanoparticles of dry cinnamon extract) on the function of the meat chickens.
 
Materials and Methods: A study was conducted to investigate the effects of cinnamon nanoparticles on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, thyroid hormone levels, and ileum bacterial population in broiler chickens. A total 500 of broiler chickens ROSS 308 in a completely random design to five treatments, each treatment was assigned in five repetitions with 20 one -day -old chickens. Five experimental treatments included: 1- control (fed with basal diet) and 2, 3, 4 and 5 treatments were the basal diet plus 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg of cinnamon nanoparticles per kg of feed, respectively.  Ultrasonic method was used to synthesize synthesis.
 
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the supplementation of cinnamon nanoparticles significantly increased feed consumption, increased weight gain, and reduced feed conversion ratio and mortality (P <0.05). The best growth performance was found in 450 mg of cinnamon nanoparticles group. The results of the effect of cinnamon nanoparticles of the digestive enzymes also showed that cinnamon nanoparticles had a significant effect on increased secretion of gastrointestinal enzymes, and the highest levels of digestive enzymes in the serum was found in 450 mg nanoparticles cinemaon group (P <0.05). The results for thyroid hormones indicated that cinnamon nanoparticles did not significantly affect serum TSH levels. However, they significantly reduced serum T3 levels and increased T4 levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, analysis of the intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens showed that cinnamon supplementation reduced the population of E. coli and significantly increased the population of Lactobacillus bacteria (P < 0.05).
 
Conclusion: Generally, the results of this study showed that the use of cinnamon nanoparticles at 450 mg can improve performance by increasing feed consumption, increased digestive enzyme secretion and improved the intestinal microbial population and improved performance.

Keywords

• Bacterial population
• Cinnamon nanoparticles
• Chickens
• Digestive enzymes
• Growth
• Thyroid hormones

Main Subjects

• Poultry Nutrition

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©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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