Effect of Different Levels of Pellet Binder and Poultry by-Product Meal on Performance, Carcass Quality and Serum Parameters of Broiler Chicken

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.

2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran

3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

Abstract

Introduction The increase in the cost of the diet, especially the protein part, has caused the desire of producer and researchers to use by-products. The use of animal waste not only reduces the cost of feed but also reduces the entry of contaminants into the environment. Hydrolyzed feathers, meat meal, bone meal, poultry by-product meal (PBM) and fish oil are some of the by-products used in poultry, dairy cattle and other livestock diet. Also, the use of pelleted feed in broiler chicken is increasing, because it produces less dust, improves digestibility, reduces transportation costs, and improves performance indicators such as feed consumption and decrease feed conversion ratio. Sodium bentonite (SB) is one of the substances that has been used as pellet binder in feed. Several studies have evaluated the effects of the addition of SB and had beneficial results on pelleting physical properties such as pellet durability index (PDI) and pellet hardness. Addition of active SB as a pellet binder in wheat-soybean meal-based diets has increased the relative electrical energy usage (REEU) and decreased the feed conversion ratio. However, studies on the use of different levels of PBM and SB as a pellet binder in broiler chicken diets are very limited, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of pellet binder levels of SB in diets containing different amounts of PBM on performance, carcass traits and blood metabolites of Ross 308 broiler chickens in finisher period.
Materials and Methods Treatments were assigned in a completely randomized design based on a factorial arrangement of 3 levels of SB conditioning time (0, 1.5 and 3%) × 3 levels of PBM (0, 5 and 10%). Experimental diets were balanced based on Ross 308 recommendations for finisher period (24-42 d) by using UFFDA software. In the present experiment PBM and pellet binder of SB samples were prepared from MegaFaravar Co., Iran. Ingredients of diets were ground through a 2-mm screen size in a hammer mill. All diets mixed in a double-shaft mixer and transferred to super conditioner with 82◦C for 10s, and then pelleted through a 3-mm die. After pelleting of feed produced, 3 replications of each treatment with 3-minute intervals were sampled from the cooler part of the pellet machine. The PDI, hardness test and REEU related to experimental diets was measured. Also, a total of 360 24-day-old male chicks were individually weighted and allocated to 9 treatments of 4 replicates (10 birds in each replication). Feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. On 42 day, 2 birds per pen were randomly euthanized by cervical dislocation. Carcass characteristics and relative weight of small intestinal segments were measured. Total protein, glucose, albumin, lipoproteins (HDL, LDL) were determined by using autoanalyzer device and commercial kits.
Results and Discussion Addition of 1.5% SB improved and the use of PBM due to its high fat content reduced the quality characteristics of the pellet that due to their strong colloidal properties and giving rise to a thixotropic gelatinous substance. Likewise, different levels of SB as a pellet binder and PBM did not change the ADG and FCR (P <0.05). However, the use of different levels of PBM with and without SB reduced FI (P<0.05). Also, the relative weight of carcass, breast and thigh was not affected by experimental treatments (P <0.05). Abdominal fat increased significantly in the groups receiving PBM (P <0.05). Amino acid imbalances in PBM probably increase deamination and conversion of amino acids to fat. Significant reduction in duodenum and ileum length was observed in the group containing 3% SB and 10% PBM (P <0.05). Also, the level of 10% PBM with and without SB increased the concentration of blood lipids. Blood lipids concentration have a positive correlation with weight and feed as an environmental factor affects its amount.
Conclusion In general, the results of this experiment showed that application of PBM as a source of protein with adequate nutritional value up to 5% without negative effects on performance for use in pelleted diet of broilers at high levels when soybean meal is expensive and or not available, it is possible and useable. Also, commercial sodium bentonite can be used as a pellet binder to increase the quality of pellets up to 1.5%. The need for further studies on the simultaneous use of sodium bentonite as a pellet binder and PBM are recommended to ensure the results obtained in other broiler chicken breeding periods.
 
 

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Abbasi Pour, A. R., Kermanshahi, H., & Golian, A. (2021). Effects of conditioning time and activated sodium bentonite on pellet quality, performance, intestinal morphology, and nutrients retention in growing broilers fed wheat-soybean meal diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 277, 114955.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114955.
  2. Abdollahi, M. R., Ravindran, V., Wester, T. J., Ravindran, G. and Thomas, D. V., (2013). Influence of pellet diameter and length on the quality of pellets and, performance, nutrient utilization and digestive tractdevelopment of broilers fed wheat-based diets. British Poultry Science, 54(3), 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2013.780285.
  3. Abdollahi, M. R., Ravindran, V., Wester, T. J., Ravindran, G., & Thomas, D. V. (2010). Influence of conditioning temperature on the performance, nutrient utilization and digestive tract development of broilers fed on maize-and wheat-based diets. British Poultry Science51(5), 648-657. DOI: 1080/00071668.2010.522557.
  4. Amerah, A. M., Ravindran, V., Lentle, R. G., & Thomas, D. G. (2007). Influence of feed particle size and feed form on the performance, energy utilization, digestive tract development, and digesta parameters of broiler starters. Poultry Science86(12), 2615-2623. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00212.
  5. Attar, A., Kermanshahi, H., & Golian, A. (2018). Effects of conditioning time and sodium bentonite on pellet quality, growth performance, intestinal morphology and nutrient retention in finisher broilers. British poultry science,59(2), 190-197. DOI: 1080/00071668.2017.1409422.
  6. Attar, A., kermanshahi, H., golian, A. (2017). Effects of conditioning and sodium bentonite on performance, relative weight of different organs and blood parameters of broiler chickens in grower period. Animal Production, 19(2), 441-453. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jap.2017.61708.
  7. Attar, A., Kermanshahi, H., Golian, A., Abbasi Pour, A., & Daneshmand, A. (2019). Conditioning time and sodium bentonite affect pellet quality, growth performance, nutrient retention and intestinal morphology of growing broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 60(6), 777-783. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2019.1663493.
  8. Çenesiz, A. A., Yavaş, İ., Çiftci, İ., Ceylan, N., & Taşkesen, H. O. (2020). Guanidinoacetic acid supplementation is favourable to broiler diets even containing poultry by-product meal. British Poultry Science, 61(3), 311-319. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1720909.
  9. Cordova-Noboa, H. A., Oviedo-Rondón, E. O., Sarsour, A. H., Barnes, J., Sapcota, D., López, D., ... & Braun, U. (2018). Effect of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on live performance, meat quality, pectoral myopathies and blood parameters of male broilers fed corn-based diets with or without poultry by-products. Poultry Science97(7), 2494-2505. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey097.
  10. Ebrahimi,, Ahmadi, H., & Shariatmadari, F. (2019). Determination of chemical compositions and metabolizable energy of poultry by-product meal. Animal Production21(3), 339-348.
  11. Frempong, N. S., Nortey, T. N., Paulk, C., & Stark, C. R. (2019). Evaluating the Effect of replacing fish meal in broiler diets with either Soybean meal or poultry by-product Meal on Broiler Performance and total feed cost per kilogram of gain. Journal of Applied Poultry Research28(4), 912-918. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz049.
  12. Geshlog-Olyayee, O. M., Jonmohammadi, H., Taghizadeh, A., & Rafat, S. A. (2011). Effects of poultry by-product meal on performance, egg quality and blood parameters of commercial laying hens at the 42-52 weeks of age.
  13. Hasan Zadeh Seyedi, A., Janmohamady, H., Hosseinkhani, A., Jasouri, M. (2014). Nutritive value of poultry by-product meal in broiler chickens nutrition. Journal of Animal Science Research, 24(1), 11-22. (In Persian)
  14. Hassanabadi, A., Amanloo, H., & Zamanian, M. (2008). Effects of substitution of soybean meal with poultry by-product meal on broiler chickens performance. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances7. (In Persian)
  15. Hicks, T. M., & Verbeek, C. J. R. (2016). Meat industry protein by-products: sources and characteristics. In Protein Byproducts(pp. 37-61). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802391-4.00003-3.
  16. Izanloo, M., Maghsoudlou, S., & Ghanbari, F. (2021). Investigation on Substitution Possibility of proteinous mixture with soybean-meal and multi-enzyme supplementation on broiler performance. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 14(2), 201-219. DOI:10.22067/IJASR.2021.38307. (In Persian).
  17. Jazi, V., Boldaji, F., Dastar, B., Hashemi, S. R., & Ashayerizadeh, A. (2017). Effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, gastrointestinal microflora population and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. British poultry science58(4), 402-408. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1315051.
  18. Keyhani yazdi, H., Hosseini-vashan, S., Afzali, N., Mojtahedi, M., & Allahresani, A. (2019). Effects of physical modification of nanostructure aluminosilicate on growth performance, carcass traits and blood parameters of broiler chicken challenged with AflatoxinIranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 10(4), 489-500. DOI:  10.22067/IJASR.V10I4.64649. (In Persian)
  19. Leiva, A., Granados-Chinchilla, F., Redondo-Solano, M., Arrieta-González, M., Pineda-Salazar, E., & Molina, A. (2018). Characterization of the animal by-product meal industry in Costa Rica: Manufacturing practices through the production chain and food safety. Poultry science97(6), 2159-2169. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey058.
  20. Loar II, R. E., & Corzo, A. (2011). Effects of feed formulation on feed manufacturing and pellet quality characteristics of poultry diets. World's Poultry Science Journal67(1), 19-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S004393391100002X.
  21. Meeker, D. L., & Meisinger, J. L. (2015). Companion Animals Symposium: Rendered ingredients significantly influence sustainability, quality, and safety of pet food. Journal of Animal Science93(3), 835-847. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8524.
  22. Mekonnen, T., Mussone, P., & Bressler, D. (2016). Valorization of rendering industry wastes and co-products for industrial chemicals, materials and energy. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology36(1), 120-131. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2014.928812.
  23. Nadziakiewicza, M., Kehoe, S., & Micek, P. (2019). Physico-chemical properties of clay minerals and their use as a health promoting feed additive. Animals9(10), 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9100714.
  24. Netto, M. T., Massuquetto, A., Krabbe, E. L., Surek, D., Oliveira, S. G., & Maiorka, A. (2019). Effect of conditioning temperature on pellet quality, diet digestibility, and broiler performance. Journal of Applied Poultry Research28(4), 963-973. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz056.
  25. Park, C. S., Naranjo, V. D., Htoo, J. K., & Adeola, O. (2020). Comparative amino acid digestibility between broiler chickens and pigs fed different poultry by-products and meat and bone meal. Journal of Animal Science98(7), skaa223. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa223.
  26. Pasha, T. N., Mahmood, A., Khattak, F. M., Jabbar, M. A., & Khan, A. D. (2008). The effect of feed supplemented with different sodium bentonite treatments on broiler performance. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences32(4), 245-248.
  27. Payne, J., Rattink, W., Smith, T., Winowiski, T., Dearsledy, G., & Strøm, L. (1994). The pelleting handbook. A guide for production staff in the compound feed industry. Borregaard Lignotech. Sarpsborg.
  28. Ravindran, V., Hew, L. I., Ravindran, G., & Bryden, W. L. (2005). Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in dietary ingredients for broiler chickens. Animal Science81(1), 85-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/ASC42240085.
  29. Sahraei, M., Lotfollahian, H., & Ghanbari, A. (2012). Effect of poultry by product meal on performance parameters, serum uric acid concentration and carcass characteristics. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 1(2), 73-77.
  30. Saleh, A. A., Elnagar, A. M., Eid, Y. Z., Ebeid, T. A., & Amber, K. A. (2021). Effect of feeding wheat middlings and calcium lignosulfonate as pellet binders on pellet quality growth performance and lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens. Veterinary Medicine and Science7(1), 194-203. doi: 10.1002/vms3.344. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
  31. Svihus, B., Kløvstad, K. H., Perez, V., Zimonja, O., Sahlström, S., Schüller, R. B. & Prestløkken, E. (2004). Physical and nutritional effects of pelleting of broiler chicken diets made from wheat ground to different coarsenesses by the use of roller mill and hammer mill. Animal Feed Science and Technology117(3-4), 281-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.08.009.
  32. Taherparvar, G., Seidavi, A., Asadpour, L., Payan-Carreira, R., Laudadio, V., & Tufarelli, V. (2016). Effect of litter treatment on growth performance, intestinal development, and selected cecum microbiota in broiler chickens. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia45, 257-264. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902016000500008.
  33. Toroghian, M., & Vakili, R. (2015). The effect of physical form of feed on performance and nutritional behaviors in broilers. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 6(4), 359-364. doi: 10.22067/IJASR.V6I4.26851. (In Persian)
  34. Wang, X., Peebles, E. D., & Zhai, W. (2014). Effects of protein source and nutrient density in the diets of male broilers from 8 to 21 days of age on their subsequent growth, blood constituents, and carcass compositions. Poultry Science93(6), 1463-1474. doi: 10.3382/ps.2013-03838.
  35. Zampiga, M., Laghi, L., Petracci, M., Zhu, C., Meluzzi, A., Dridi, S., & Sirri, F. (2018). Effect of dietary arginine to lysine ratios on productive performance, meat quality, plasma and muscle metabolomics profile in fast-growing broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology9(1), 1-14. Doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0294-5.
CAPTCHA Image
Volume 14, Issue 4 - Serial Number 52
December 2023
Pages 549-563
  • Receive Date: 29 October 2021
  • Revise Date: 09 April 2022
  • Accept Date: 27 April 2022
  • First Publish Date: 27 April 2022