Evaluation of Nutritive Value, Phenolic Compounds and in vitro Digestion Charactristics of Barberry (Berberis Vulgaris) Foliage

Document Type : Ruminant Nutrition

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Mashhad, Iran

3 Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran

Abstract

Introduction This study was intended to evaluate the nutritional value, phenolic compounds and digestibility coefficients of barberry leaves. Berberis vulgaris is one of the major crops in the province. The province has more than 70 percent and 95 percent of the total area under cultivation of barberry. Waste and foliage of barberry harvest traditionally used to feed livestock Tannin concentration greater than 3 to 4 percent in food, can have negative effects on digestibility in ruminants and in particular to reduce the absorption of dietary protein. So it can be expected that high amounts of tannins within waste foliage of barberry reduce its efficiency in ruminants to be fed. Several studies have shown that the addition of certain compounds such as urea, polyethylene Due to the high volume of barberry foliage that remains after harvesting and the possibility of its use in animal nutrition, this study tried to determine some nutrient compounds, phenolic compounds and degradation parameters were barberry leaves. In addition, in this study to determine the best additives are effective in reducing the concentration of tannins and phenolic compounds, urea, polyethylene glycol, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide were compared.
Materials and method As the samples were dried by the sun for 6 days. The amount of 5% by weight (dry matter basis) urea, polyethylene glycol, sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide that was prepared with distilled water, was sprayed on 5 kg of the sample and thoroughly mixed. Each of the treatments were prepared in triplicate. Treatments include: 1) control (foliage without additives), 2) foliage with 5% solution of urea, 3) foliage with 5% polyethylene glycol, 4) foliage with 5% sodium hydroxide, 5) with 5% calcium hydroxide was foliage. The sample were kept in anaerobic plastic containers for 3 days and then opened and dried at room temperature. Samples were analyzed for crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ether extract, total phenolic compounds, total tannins, condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins and some mineral content (Na, Cl, Ca, K and P). The in vitro gas production method was used for estimation the DM fermentation parameters.
Results and Discussion The chemical composition of foliage barberry is almost the same with the few studies conducted in this regard. Minor differences between the results of this study and the other results showed that the colleagues can be due to differences in climate and environmental conditions and physiological characteristics of the plant's genetics. The results showed that addition of urea, Sodium hydroxide and Calcium hydroxide led to a significant reduction of total phenolic compounds, total tannins and hydrolysable tannins compared with the control sample. The in vitro gas production and fermentative parameters were improved flowing urea, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide treatment. The results showed that treatment with urea was more effective in reduction of tannins and improvement the fermentative parameters of branches and leaves of Barberry compared to other treatments.
Conclusion Based on our results and high levels of phenolic compounds in the waste foliage barberry sprayed with a solution of 5% (based on dry matter) of urea, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide significantly reduced the amount of total phenolic compounds, tannins and hydrolysable tannin in the leaves of Berber is vulgaris lesions, but polyethylene glycol had no significant effect. On the contrary condensed tannin conditions and the maximum reduction in the concentration of condensed tannins were observed in the group had been sprayed with polyethylene glycol. The amount of gas produced in laboratory conditions, parameters of rumen fermentation and feed efficiency in experimental treatments with urea, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide recovered.

Keywords


1- Abbasluo,A ., R. tahmasbi., A. dayyani. 2013. The effect of sulfur-containing urea on digestibility, blood parameters and ruminal fermentation in goat Raeini. Iranian Journal of animal science research, 5(2):172-164.
2- Behruozyar. H., K. Rezayazdi., M. Dehghanbanadaki. 2011. Effect of sowing forage processing on digestibility, degradability, rumen and blood metabolites of Holstein cows. Iranian Journal of animal science research, 21(1):89-103.
3- Dourandish, A., R. kohansall., N. Shahnooshi., M. Hosseinzadeh. 2012. Examine the technical efficiency of barberry in South Khorasan Province. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 6(2):101-120.
4- Dehghan. M., R. Tahmasbi., A. Dayani., A. Khazary. 2011. Characterization of physical, chemical and digestibility of some agricultural by-products. Iranian Journal of animal science research, 3(4):412-421.
5- Sepehrimanesh, M., S.L. Pourbagheri. H. Rjaeyan., H. Dadrass., A. Razegheyan. 2011. The effect of the addition of the roots of barberry Arbor Acers broiler poultry feed as growth promoters. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(9):51-58.
6- Fallahi. J., Rezvanii. P,. Nasiri mahallati. M., 2010. Effects of harvesting the fruit of Berberis vulgaris quantitative and qualitative indicators. Journal of agricultural research, 8(2):225-234.
7- Mokhtarpoor. A., A. Naserian., F. Poormollaie. 2012. Determine the chemical composition of phenolic and gas production in vitro leaves of some plants contain tannins. Animal Science Congress 5' of Iran: 259-264.
8- Velayati. A,. B. Emadi., M. Khojaste., M.H. Saeedi. 2011. The effect of moisture on the mechanical properties and speed the fruit of Berberis. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 1(9):99-100.
9- AminiPour, H. 2011. Effects of tannins in ruminant: A Review. J. American Sci. 7: 715-720.
10- AOAC, 1997: Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD.
11- Barry, T. N., and S. J. Duncan. 1984. The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 1: Voluntary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 51: 485-491.
12- Besharati, M., and A. Taghizadeh. 2011. Effect of tannin-binding agents (Polyethylene glycol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone) supplementation on in vitro gas production kinetics of some grape yield byproducts. ISRN Veterinary Science,1(8): 155-162.
13- Bhatta, R., A. K. Shinde, S. Vaithiyanathan, S. K. Sankhyan, D. L. Verma. 2002. Effect of polyethylene glycol-6000 on nutrient intake, digestion and growth of kids browsing Prosopis cineraria. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 101: 45–54.
14- Chaudhry, A. S. 2000. Rumen degradation in sacco in sheep of wheat straw treated with calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide plus hydrogen peroxide. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 83: 313-323.
15- Dias, A. M., L. C. VinhasÍtavo, J. C. Damasceno, G. T. Santos, C. C. B. Ferreira Ítavo, F. F. Silva, E. Nogueira, C. M. Soares. 2011. Sugar cane treated with calcium hydroxide in diet for cattle: intake, digestibility of nutrients and ingestive behavior, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40: 1799-1806.
16- Haslam, E. 1989. Plant polyphenols-vegetable tannins revisited. Cambridge university press, Cambridge, U.K.
17- Hill, G. M., P. R. Utley, and G. L. Newton. 1986. Digestibility and utilization of ammonia-treated and urea-supplemented peanut skin diets fed to cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 63:705-714.
18- Jahani-Azizabadi, H., M. DaneshMesgaran, A.R. Vakili, K. Rezayazdi, M. Hashemi. 2011. Effect of various medicinal plant essential oils obtained from semi-arid climate on rumen fermentation characteristics of a high forage diet using in vitro batch culture. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5: 4812-4819.
19- Jansman, A. J. M. 1993. Tannins in feedstuff for simple-stomached animals. Nutrition Research. 6: 209–239.
20- Krebs, G. L., D. M. Howard, and K. Dods. 2007. The effects of feeding acacia saligna on feed intake, nitrogen balance and rumen metabolism in sheep. Asian- Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 20:1367-1373.
21- Lapierre, H., and G. E. Lobley. 2001. Nitrogen recycling in the ruminant: A Review. Journal of Dairy Science, 84: E223-E236.
22- Makkar, H. P. S. 2003. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research, 49: 241–256.
23- Makkar, H. P. S., K. Becker, J. Vercauteren, C. Cheze, M. C. Dumon, J. F. Weber. 1996. A bioassay for polyphenols (tannins). Proceedings of polyphenols communications, 18: 197-198.
24- Makkar, H. P. S., M. Blummel, K. Becker. 1995. Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques. British, Journal of Nutrition, 73: 897–913.
25- Makkar, H. P. S., M. Blümmel, N. K. Borowy, K. Becker. 1993. Gravimetric determination of tannins and their correlations with chemical and protein precipitation methods. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture, 61: 161–165.
26- Martinez, C. J., H. H. Sanchez, G. A. Manilla, N. R. Quintos, J. M. Herrera, G. D. Ortiz. 2001. Effect of aqueous and alkaline thermal treatments on chemical composition and oligosaccharide, alkaloid and tannin contents of Lupinuscampestris seeds. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture, 81: 421–428.
27- Mehrez, A. Z., and E. R. Orskov. 1977. A study of the artificial fibre bag technique for determining the digestibility of feeds in the rumen. Journal of Agriculture Science, 88: 645–650.
28- Menke, K. H., and H. Steingass. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Journal of Animal Research Development, 28: 7-55.
29- Menke, K. H., L. Raab, A. Salewski, H. Steingass, D. Fritz, W. Shneider. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor. Journal of Agriculture Science, Cambridge. 97: 217-222.
30- National Research Council – NRC, 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 381.
31- Orskov, E. R., and I. McDonald. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agriculture Science, 92: 499-503.
32- Ozkose, E. R., U. Kuloglu, B. Comlekcioglu, I. Kar, and M. S. Ekinci. 2011. Effects of tannic acid on the fibrolytic enzyme activity and survival of some ruminal bacteria. International Journal of Agriculture Biology, 11: 386–390.
33- Porter, L.J., L.N. Hrstich, B.G. Chan. 1986. The conversion of procyanidins and prodelphinidins to cyanidin and delphinidin. Phytochemistry, 25: 223–230.
34- Rao, U. P., and B. Belavady. 1978. Oligosaccharides in pulses: variety differences and effects of cooking and germination. J. Agri.Food Chem. 26: 316–319.
35- Reed, J. 1995. Nutritional toxicology of tannins and related polyphenols in forage legumes. Journal of Animal Science, 73: 1516-1528.
36- Rubanza, C. D. K., M. N. Shem, R. Otsyina, S. S. Bakengesa, T. Ichinohe, T. Fujihara. 2005. Polyphenolics and tannins effect on in vitro digestibility of selected Acacia species leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 119: 129–142.
37- Salehpor, S., B. Rasouli, and A. A. Ghotbi. 2012. Influence of calcium hydroxide chemical, multi-enzyme and lactobacillus biologic processing on nutritional value and digestibility of rice straw by using nylon-bags. Current Research Journal Biological Science, 4: 477-481.
38- SAS, Sas User’s Guide: Statistics, Statistical Analysis Systems Institute, Cary, NC, USA, 1999.
39- Valizadeh, R., A. A. Naserian, and P.Vahmani. 2009. Influence of drying and ensiling pistachio by-products with urea and molasses on their chemical composition, tannin content and rumen degradability parameters. Journal Animal Veterinary Advances, 8: 2363-2368.
40- Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary neutral detergent fiber, and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583-3597.
41- Wina, E., B. Tangendjaja, I. W. R. Susana. 2005. Effects of chopping, and soaking in water, hydrochloric acidic and calcium hydroxide solutions on the nutritional value of Acacia villosa for goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 122: 79–92.
CAPTCHA Image