Improving Growth Performance and Reducing Mortality by Supplementing the Ethanolic Extract of Grape Leaves (Vinifera Vitis) in Broilers under Induced Ascites

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

• Mokhtar Fathi
• Taimour Tanha
• Reza Taherkhani
• Vahid Rezaee

Department of Animal Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran

10.22067/ijasr.2024.85319.1179

Abstract

Introduction: Ascites is one of the most common metabolic syndromes in today's fast-growing broilers and is associated with rapidly growing and characterized by accumulation of fluid in the abdominal spaces. Effective factors in the occurrence of ascites syndrome, can mention free radicals in the body such as superoxide, hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. By reducing the capacity of the body's antioxidant systems, free radicals make the bird susceptible to various diseases. Free radicals produced in the body by damaging the cell membrane lead to cell death and ultimately tissue damage. Therefore, by increasing cell protection from such injuries, one of the common causes of ascites and heart failure abnormalities can be prevented. In addition, free radicals from oxygen derivatives reduce the half-life of nitric oxide (vasodilating agent), causing a decrease in the ability of vasodilation and providing the basis for the occurrence of ascites. Therefore, it is suggested that antioxidants can prevent ascites and improve performance in broilers. Medicinal plants are among the rich sources of natural antioxidants that do not have the harmful effects of antibiotics and synthetic antioxidants. For this reason, the use of medicinal plant extracts is an important step in animal nutrition to increase the immunity of poultry. The mentioned extracts have strong antioxidant, antibacterial and digestive properties. Probably, the positive effects of medicinal plants are due to the active compounds found in plant extracts such as menthol, thymol, carvacrol. In order to investigate the effects of aqueous ethanol extract of Vinifera Vitis (V.V) on the performance, antioxidant status and blood parameters of broiler chickens under induced ascites.
 
Materials and Methods: A total 300 one-day-old chickens (Ross, 308) were done in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications (15 chickens in each replication). Experimental treatments include: 1- positive control group (without inducing ascites and fed with basal diet), 2- negative control group (inducing ascites and fed with basal diet), 3 and 4- Vinifera Vitis groups (ascites induction with 1000 and 2000 ppm of Vinifera Vitis extract). To induce ascites, water containing 1200 mg of sodium (3 grams per liter of salt) was provided to the chickens from the 15th day of the experiment. Growth performance parameters including feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated for the total period. On the last day of the experiment (42 d), two birds were randomly selected from each cage and after sampling from the wing vein, killed and the ascites index was calculated as the ratio of the weight of the right ventricle to the total ventricles. The mortalities were collected as soon as they were observed and after weighing to correct the feed conversion ratio, were necropsied to investigate the cause of death. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as serum antioxidant parameters including the level of malondialdehyde and the activity of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, liver enzymes present in the serum including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also measured.
 
Results and Discussion: The results showed that induction of ascites increased the ratio of right ventricle to total ventricles, mortalities due to ascites, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and body weight (P <0.05). The administration of Vinifera Vitis extract improved the growth performance index and reduced the ratio of the right ventricle to the total ventricles and mortalities (P <0.05). Vinifera Vitis extract moderated the increasing effects of ascites induction on triglyceride and cholesterol compared to the negative control treatment (P <0.05). In addition, the induction of ascites caused a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes and an increase in serum malondialdehyde, the experimental treatments improved the antioxidant status compared to the negative control treatment (P <0.05). Also, induction of ascites increased the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gammaglutaryl transferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes. The supplementation of the experimental supplements decreased the serum level of the mentioned enzymes (P <0.05). The results of this research showed that the use of ethanolic extract of Vinifera Vitis has positive results on the performance and stress reduction of broiler chickens affected by ascites and it can be effectively used from the level of 2000 ppm of the ethanol extract Vinifera Vitis was used in the diet of broiler chickens to reduce stress and improve performance.

Keywords

• Antioxidant
• Broiler chickens
• Vinifera Viti extract
• Performance
• Pulmonary hypertension syndrome

Main Subjects

• Poultry Nutrition

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©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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