Evaluation of Nutritional Value and Ruminal Fermentation of Mesquitepod

Document Type : Ruminant Nutrition

Authors

• Hasan Aliarabi ¹
• Fereshteh alipour ²
• Pouya zamani ¹
• Daryoush Alipour ¹
• Mostafa malecky ¹
• Khalil zaboli ¹

¹ Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

² Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Irany

10.22067/ijasr.v10i1.60772

Abstract

Introduction Mesquite is the dominant flora of southern Iran. Whole pod contains capsule and some seeds which its color, after ripen, is yellow and contains considerable protein and carbohydrate. One of the most important usage of this pod is as animal feed, because the ripen pod is palatable and has high nutritional value. This study was conducted to evaluate chemical composition, ruminal fermentation and digestibility of different parts of mesquite plant as a completely randomized design.
Materials and Methods Mesquite pod was collected from different areas of Hormozgan province. Whole pod, husk and seed were grounded separately. Chemical composition of different parts of mesquite pod (dry matter, organic matter, ash, ether extract, crude protein, non fiber carbohydrate, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and lignin) was separately determined. In vitro gas production test (IVGPT) was conducted at two parts. For this purpose, rumen fluid was obtained from three fistulated rams before the morning feeding. The rams were fed twice daily with a diet containing alfalfa hay and commercial concentrate to meet their requirements. The collected ruminal fluid was pooled in a flask and was transported under anaerobic conditions to the laboratory. Rumen fluid was filtered through four layers cheesecloth and then mixed continuously with CO2 and maintained at 39 o C before the usage. After pre-incubation, the rumen fluid was mixed with buffered mineral solution at the ratio of 1:2 rumen fluid to mineral buffer (V/V). At first part of IVGPT to evaluate kinetics of ruminal fermentation at different incubation time (120 hours), 200 mg of dried and grounded sample was transfer to glass syringe. Syringes were filled with 30 ml of medium (consisting of 10 ml of rumen fluid and 20 ml of buffer solution). The values of produced gas at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after incubation time were determined. At second part of IVGPT, 500 mg sample with 40 ml medium incubated for 24 hour and amount of produced gas, apparent dry matter digestibility, true organic matter digestibility and partitioning factor of samples were measured. Total gas production of each syringe (at first and second parts of IVGPT) was corrected for blank which contained only rumen fluid. Two stages in vitro digestibility was done. Different parts of protein in whole pod and husk were estimated based on CNCPS method.
Results and Discussion Results showed that there were significant differences for chemical compositions of different parts of mesquite pod except for dry matter (DM) and acid detergent fiber (P

Keywords

• digestibility
• gas test technique
• Mesquite pod
• Nutritional value

20.1001.1.20083106.1397.10.1.12.5

---

References

Abdulrazak, S. A., T. Awano, T. Ichinohel, T. Fujiharal, and J. Nyangagas. 2000. Nutritive evaluation of Prosopis juliflora fruits and leaves from Kenya. Chemical composition and in vitro gas production.Animal Science, P. O. Box 536 Njoro Kenya.

2- Alemzadeh, B., H. Fazaeli, A. Kardooni, and S. Noroozy. 2008. Effect of Prosopis juliflora pods in the diet of fattening Arabic lambs. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi: No 75: 181-188. (In Persian)

3- Andrade-Montemayor, H., F. Alegria-Rios, M. Pacheco-Lopez, H. Aguilar- Borjas, F. L. O. Villegas-Diaz, R. Basurto-Gutierrez, H. Jimenez- Severiano, H. R. Vera-Avila. 2009. Effect of dry roasting on composition, digestibility and degradability of fiber fractions of mesquite pods (Prosopis laevigata) as feed supplement in goats. Trop. Subtrop. Agroecosyst., Pp:1–7.

4- Askari F. 2005. The nutritive value of twigs and fruits (Pods with seeds) Prosopis cineraria and Acacia tortilis. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 68: 48-55. (In Persian).

5- Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed. USDA,

6- Barnett, A. G. and R. L. Reid. 1957. Studies on the production of volatile fatty acid production from fresh grass. Journal of Agriculture Science, 48: 315-321.

7- Batista, A. M., A. F. Mustafa, J. J. Mckinnon, and S. Kermasha. 2002. In situ ruminal and intestinal nutrients digestibilities of mesquite (Prosopic juliflora) pods. Animal feed science and technology, 100: 107-112.

8- Belal, S. O., Y. A. Abdullah, and A. Fatima. 2008. The effect of partial replacement of barley grains by Prosopis juliflora pods on growth performance, nutrient intake, digestibility, and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs fed finishing diets. Animal Feed Science and Technoligy, 146: 42–54.

9- Blummel, M., K. P. Aiple, H. Steingass, and K. Becker. 1999. A note on the stoichiometrical relationship of short chain fatty acid production and gas formation in vitro in feedstuffs of widely different quality. J. AnimalPhysi. And anim Nutri. 81:157-167.

10- Boubaker, A. G. and C. Kayouli. 2005. In vitro gas production and its relationship to in situ disappearance and chemical composition of some Mediterranean browse species. Journal of Feed Science and Technology, 123: 303-311.

11- Chamberlain, A. T., and J. M. Wilkinson. 2000. Feeding the dairy cow. (2nd ed.). United Kingdom: Chalcombe Publications, Lincoln.

12- Deaville, E. R., and D. I. Givens. 2001. Use of the automated gas production technique to determine the fermentation kinetics of carbohydrate fractions in maize silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 93: 205-215.

13- Fox D. G., L. O. Tedeschi, T. P. Tylutki, J. B. Russell, M. E. Van Amburgh, L. E. Chase, A, N. Pell, and T. R. Overton. 2004. The Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 112: 29–78.

14- Getachew, G., E. J. Peters, and P. H. Robinson. 2004. In vitro gas production provides effective method for assessing ruminant feeds. Cal. Agriculture, 58: 1-12.

15- Greenberg, N. A., and W. P. Shipe. 1979. Comparison of the abilities of trichloroacetic, picric, sulfosalicylic and tungstic acid to precipitate protein hydro lysates and proteins. Journal of Food Science, 44: 735-737.

16- Habit, M. A., T. D. Conitreras, and R. H. Gonzalez. 1981. Prosopis tamarugo fodde tree for arid zones. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, No. 25: 110.

17- Kumar, R., and J. P. F. D’Mello. 1995. Anti-nutritional factors in forage legumes. In: D’Mello J. P. F. and C. Devendra(eds). Tropical legumes in animal nutrition. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, pp.95 –133.

18- Licitra, G., T. M. Hernandez, and P. J. Van soest. 1996. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57: 347-358.

19- Mahgoub, O., I. T. Kadim, N. E. Forsberg, D. S. Al-Ajmi, N. M. Al-Saqri, A. S. Al-Abri, and K. B. Annamalai. 2005. Evaluation of meskit (Prosopis juliflora) pods as a feed for goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 121: 319-327.

20- Makkar, H. P. S. 2005. In vitro gas methods for evaluation of feeds containing phytochemical. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123/124: 291-302.

21- Makkar, H. P. S. 2010. In vitro screening of feed resources for efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. In: Vercoe, P. E., Makkar, H. P. S., Schlink, A. C. (Eds.), In vitro Screening of Plant Resources for Extra-nutritional Attributes in Ruminants: Nuclear and Related Methodologies. IAEA, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, pp. 107–144.

22- McDonald, P., A. R. Edwards, J. F. D. Greenhalp, and C. A. Morgan. 2002. Animal nutrition. (6th Ed), Prentice Hall, London.

23- McDougall, E. I. 1948. Studies on ruminant saliva.The composition and output of sheep saliva. Biochemistry Journal, 43: 99-109.

24- Menke, K. H., and H. Steingass. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research Development, 28: 7–55.

25- Menke, K. H., L. Raab, A. Salewski, H. Steingass, D. Fritz, and W. Schneider. 1979. The estimation of digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedstuffs from the gas production when they incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science, 92: 217- 222.

26- Meyer, D., R. Becker, M. R. gumbmann, H. Neukom, and R. M. Saunders. 1986. Processing composition, nutritional evaluation and utilization of mesquite (prosopis spp.) pods as raw material for the food industry. Journal Agriculture Food Chem., 34: 914-919.

27- Moslemi, N. M. 2010. Study of nutritive value and phenolic compounds of Prosopis cinararia and Prosopis juliflora in different growth stages. The thesis submitted for the degree of M.SC, Department of animal science, Zabol University. (In Persian)

28- Muthana, K. D., and G. D. Arora. 1983. Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) D.C., a fast growing tree to bloom in the desert. Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342 003, India.21 pp.

29- National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed. The National Academies Press,

30- Pena-Avelino, L. Y., J. M. Pinos-Rodriguez, B. I. Juarez-Flores, and L. Yañez-Estrada. 2016. Effects of Prosopis laevigata pods on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites in finishing lambs. South African Journal of Animal Science, 46 (4): 360-365.

31- Pereira T. C. J., M. L.A. Pereira, J. V. Moreira, J. A. G. Azevêdo, R. Batista, V. F. Paula, B. S. Oliveira and E. J. Santos. 2017. Effects of alkaloid extracts of mesquite pod on the products of in vitro rumen fermentation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24:4301–4311.

32- Pereira, T. C. J., M. L. A. Pereira, S. C. A. Oliveira, L. S. Argôlo, H. G. O. Silva, P. M. D. Santos, P. J. P. Almeida, and A. B. D. Santos. 2013. Mesquite pod meal in diets for lactating goats. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 42 (2): 102-108.

33- Riveros, F. 1992. The genus Prosopis and its potential to improve livestock production in arid and semi-arid regions. Animal Production and Health Paper, Rom, Pp: 257-276.

34- Santos, E. T., M. L. A. Pereira , C. F. P.G. Silva, L. C. Souza-Neta, R. Geris, D. Martins, A. E. G. Santana, L. C. A. Barbosa , H. G., O. Silva, G. C. Freitas, M. P. Figueiredo, F. F. Oliveira and R. Batista. 2013. Antibacterial activity of the alkaloid-enriched extract from Prosopis juliflora pods and its influence on in vitro ruminal digestion. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14: 8496-8516.

35- SAS. 2001. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA

36- Sawal, R. K., R. Ratan, and S. B. S. Yadar. 2004. Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) pods as a feed resource livestick, A review. Asian Aust. Journal Animal Science, 17 (5): 719-725.

37- Schwab, C. G., T. P. Tylutki, R. S. Ordway, C. Sheaffer, and M. D. Stern. 2003. Characterization of Proteins in Feeds. Journal of Dairy Science, 86:88–103.

38- Sniffen, C. J., J. D. O'Connor, P. J. Van Soest, D. G. Fox, and J. B. Russell. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability.Journal of Animal Science, 70 (11):3562-3577.

39- Tilley, J. M. A., and R. A. Terry. 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal British Grasland Society, 18: 104-111.

40- Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2nd ed, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.

41- Vansoest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3588-3590.