Effects of different levels of mustard seed treated with FeS04-7H2O on performance and blood metabolites of Japanese quails

Document Type : Poultry Nutrition

Authors

• Sajjad Mohebali
• Mohammad salarmoini

Department of Animal Science. College of Agriculture. Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman. Iran

10.22067/ijasr.v7i2.36838

Abstract

Introduction: In comparison with rapeseed (canola), mustard has agronomic advantages such as drought tolerance and disease resistance, which empower this crop with a considerable oil production potential. Mustard contains toxic substances e.g. glucosinolate, erucic acid, sinapine and tannin. The substances induce unpalatability, growth retardation, low feed efficiency, thyroid gland enlargement and reproductive problems, particularly when the seed is incorporated in the diet at high levels (19, 26). The FeSO4 treatment of mustard meal is an effective method of detoxification of the meal for using in poultry diets. It can reduce the oxazolidinethione content of the meal by about 88% and the isothiocyanate content by 74% (8).
As mustard seeds are available at a lower price than canola seed, in some regions of Iran, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of wild black mustard seeds treated with FeSO4 on growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Japanese quails.

Materials and methods: Two-hundred Japanese quails of age seven-day old were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 15 birds in each one of them. The experiment consists of 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. Mustard seeds were treated with FeS04-7H2O according to Daghir and Nawazish (8) procedure. Experimental treatments consisted of control diet (without mustard seed) and diets contained treated mustard seed at 5, 10 and 15% levels. The experimental period lasted up to the age of 35 days. The rearing and management conditions were the same for all groups. Experimental diets were formulated to meet the nutrients requirements of the Japanese quails (20). Chicks had free access to feed and water during the experimental period. Live body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly.
On days 35 of the experimental period, blood samples of one male bird per cage (four birds per treatment) were collected to determine the blood metabolites. After slaughtering, breast muscle was separated and kept frozen at -18°C for 30 days. Breast muscle lipid peroxidation was assessed as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance concentrations in samples by the method of Tarladgis et al. (27). The breast muscles samples were also used for pH (16), water holding capacity, drip loss (7) and cooking loss (4) tests.

Results and discussion: Percentage of crude protein, ether extract, ash, moisture, and AMEn (Kcal/Kg) of the experimental mustard seed were 28.6, 40.3, 5, 7, 14.8 and 4630, respectively. Using different levels of processed mustard seed had no significant effects on growth performance compared to the control. Using untreated mustard seed (10) and mustard meal (6, 21) at more than 10 percent had detrimental effects on performance. However, it seems that using 15% treated mustard had no adverse effect on growth performance.
Relative weights of the carcass traits (thigh, breast, heart, testis, gizzard, cecum and small intestine) were not significantly affected by the treatments. However, the weight of pancreas tended to be heavier in the birds fed mustard seed (P

Keywords

• Blood parameters
• Growth performance
• Japanese quail
• Processed mustard seed

---

References

1- Amarowicz, R., U. Wanasundara, and F. Shahidi. 1996. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of mustard seed. Food Nahrung, 40:261-263.

2- AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. AOAC, Washington DC, USA.

3- Begum, I., T. Rahman, and M. Bhattachaya.1997. Pathological and histoenzymic studies on the toxic effect of mustard cake (Brassica juncea) in broiler chicken. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 67(11): 946-948.

4- Bertram, H. C., H. J. Andersen., A. H. Karlsson., P. Horn., J. Hedegaard, and S. L. Engelsen. 2003. Prediction of technological quality (cooking loss and Napole Yield) of pork based on fresh meat characteristics. Meat Science, 65: 707-712.

5- Bhattacharjee, S. N., M. R. Dalapati., M. K. Bhowmick, and G. Samanta. 1997. Goitrogenic effect of deoiled mustard-cake (Brassica juncea) in Japanese quail. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 67(9): 811-813.

6- Cheva-Isarakul, B., S. Tangtaweewipat, and P. Sangsrijun. 2001. The effect of mustard meal in laying hen diets. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 14 (11): 1605-1609.

7- Christensen, L. B. 2003. Drip loss sampling in porcine meat. Meat Scienc, 63:469-477.

8- Daghir, N. J., and A. M. Nawazish. 1976. Mustard seed meal as a protein source for chickens. Poultry Science, 55: 1699-1703.

9- Das, H., and M. A. Ali. 1993. Replacement of sesame oil cake in the diet of laying hens. Indian Journal of Animal Production and Management, 9(4): 169-173.

10- Das, R., C. Bhattacherjee, and S. Ghosh. 2009. Preparation of mustard protein isolate and recovery of phenolic compounds by ultrafiltration. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 48: 4939-4947.

11- Engels, C., and A. Schieber. 2012. Sinapic acid derivatives in defatted Oriental mustard seed meal extracts using UHPLC and identification of compounds with antibacterial activity. European Food Research and Technology, 234: 535-542.

12- Fahey, J. W., A. T. Zalcmann, and P. Talalay. 2001. The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants. Food Chemistry, 56(1): 5–51.

13- Gohl, B. 1981. Tropical Feeds. FAO, Rome, Italy.

14- Haghighian- Roodsary, M., M. Roostayee, M. Safdarian, and A. Abolghasemi. 2013. Study the effect of two levels of rapeseed meal using phytase and Safizym GP 800 enzymes on the performance of broiler chicks. Journal of Animal Production, 14(1): 59-68. (In Persian)

15- Aji-Shafi, A. 2008. Effect of different levels of canola seed on laying hens performance. MSc dissertation. Zanjan University. Zanjan, Iran. (In Persian)

16- Jang, A., X. D. Liu., M. H. Shin., B. D. Lee, and C. Jo. 2008. Antioxidative potential of raw breast meat from broiler chicks fed a dietary medicinal herb extract mix. Poultry Science, 87: 2382-2389.

17- Janssen, W. M. M. A. 1989. European table of energy values for poultry feedstuffs. 3rd ed. Spelderholt center for poultry research and information services, Beekbergen, the Netherlands.

18- Leeon, S., and J. D. Summers. 2001. Scott's Nutrition of the Chickens. 4th edition. University Books. Canada.

19- Moheb-Ali, S. 2014. The study of different levels of mustard seed on performance and some blood parameters of Japanese quail. MSc dissertation. Shahid Bahonar University of Keraman. Kerman, Iran. (In Persian)

20- NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Rev. ed., National Acad. Press, Washington. USA.

21- Radmehar, V., A. Teymouri., M. Rezaei, and S. Karimzadeh. 2008. Interactions between dietary particle size and enzyme supplementation in diets contained canola meal in broiler chickens. MSc dissertation. Sari University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. Sari, Iran. (In Persian)

22- Rashed- Mohasel, M. H., H. Najafi, M. Baghestani, and A. Zand. 2010. Weed Biology and Control. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)

23- Saleemi, Z. O., P. K. Janitha., P. D. Wanasundra, and F. Shahidi. 1993. Effect of low-pungency ground mustard seed on oxidative stability, cooking yield, and color characteristics of comminuted pork. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41: 641–643.

24- SAS Institute. 1998. SAS/STAT® User's Guide: Statistics, Version 6.12. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC.

25- Shahir, M. H., V. Andalibi, M. Shivazad, A. Heydarinia, and A. Afsarian. 2013. Effect of different levels of full fat canola seed (with or without enzyme addition) on performance, carcass traits and blood parameters in broilers. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 43 (3): 337- 345. (In Persian)

26- Tangtaweewipat, S., B. Cheva-Isarakul, and P. Sangsrijun. 2004. The use of mustard meal as a protein source in broiler diets Songklanakarin. Journal of Science and Technology, 26(1): 23-30.

27- Tarladgis, B. G., B. M. Watts, and M. T. Younathan Dugan. 1960. Adistillation method for the quantitative determination of malonaldehyde in rancid foods. Journal of American Oil Chemist Society, 37: 44-48.

28- Tripathi, M. K., and A. S. Mishra. 2007. Glucosinolates in animal nutrition: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 132: 1-27.

29- Zargary, A. 2012. Medicinal Plants. Vol. 2, 7th ed. Tehran University Press. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)