تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی، قابلیت هضم و متغیرهای تخمیر برون‌تنی سیلاژ حاصل از مخلوط سطوح مختلف برگ پالونیا و ذرت علوفه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

• ایوب عزیزی

گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

10.22067/ijasr.2023.83509.1161

چکیده

هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، تعیین ارزش غذایی برگ پالونیا و سپس تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی، تولید گاز، هضم‌پذیری و فراسنجه‌های تخمیر برون‌تنی سیلاژ مخلوط سطوح مختلف برگ پالونیا و ذرت علوفه‌ای در شرایط برون‌تنی بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سیلاژهای حاوی نسبت‌های مختلف ذرت علوفه‌ای و برگ پالونیا (100:0، 75:25، 50:50، 25:75 و 0:100) بود. نتایج نشان داد که محتوای ماده خشک، ماده آلی، پروتئین خام، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی، عصاره اتری، لیگنین، کربوهیدارت‌های غیبر فیبری و کربوهیدرات‌های محلول برگ پالونیای تازه به‌ترتیب برابر 266، 911، 173، 402، 201، 5/35، 4/86، 301 و 2/91 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. ترکیبات مذکور در سیلاژ برگ پالونیا به‌ترتیب برابر 273، 902، 164، 393، 191، 8/38، 5/74، 386 و 4/25 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک به‌دست آمد. با افزایش نسبت برگ پالونیا و کاهش سهم ذرت علوفه‌ای در سیلاژهای مخلوط، درصد ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، لیگنین، عصاره اتری، کربوهیدارت‌های غیبر فیبری و غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی سیلاژ به‌طور خطی افزایش یافت (05/0>P). امّا، درصد ماده آلی، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی با افزایش برگ پالونیا کاهش خطی معنی‌داری نشان دادند (05/0>P). با افزایش سطح برگ پالونیا در مخلوط سیلویی، تولید گاز برون‌تنی در زمان‌های 24، 36 و 48 ساعت، پتانسیل تولید گاز (ضریب b) و غلظت اسیدهای چرب فرار به‌طور خطی کاهش یافت (05/0>P)، هر چند افزایش سطح برگ پالونیا سبب افزایش خطی غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و سنتز پروتئین میکروبی شد (05/0>P). فعالیت آنزیم کربوکسی متیل سلولاز و فعالیت تجزیه کاغذ صافی با افزایش سطح برگ پالونیا در سیلاژ به‌طور خطی کاهش یافت (05/0>P). امّا فعالیت آلفا آمیلاز و پروتئاز شکمبه افزایش خطی نشان دادند (05/0>P). در کل، نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که برگ پالونیا دارای ارزش غذایی مطلوبی جهت استفاده در تغذیه دام به‌ویژه در شرایط کمبود منابع پروتئینی به‌عنوان یک منبع علوفه‌ای جدید است. به‌علاوه، سیلو کردن سطوح مختلف برگ پالونیا مخلوط با ذرت علوفه‌ای به‌عنوان یک روش نگهداری برای آن قابل توصیه است و سبب بهبود محتوای نیتروژن و کربوهیدرات‌های غیر فیبری سیلاژ نیز می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• برگ پالونیا
• ترکیب شیمیایی
• ذرت علوفه‌ای
• سیلاژ
• فراسنجه‌های تخمیر
• گوارش‌پذیری

موضوعات

• نغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Chemical Composition, Digestibility and in vitro Fermentation Variables of Mixed Silage from Different Levels of Paulownia Leaves and Forage Corn

نویسنده [English]

• Ayoub Azizi

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The dry climate and water scarcity in most areas of Iran caused to serious restriction in planting fodder. Therefore, it is very important to find new fodder sources to feed ruminants in order to reduce the ration costs. One of the new sources of fodder that may have a favorable nutritional value are plants of the Paulowniaceae family in China, East Asia and some parts of Iran. Several types of Paulownia are known in the world. These plants are known for their high growth rate and intense photosynthesis, which are specific to C₄ plants, and with wide leaves with a diameter of about 90 cm. The commercial production of Paulownia wood generates a large quantity of leaves, which are typically used as natural fertilizers.At the age of about 6 to 8 years, the production leaf of each Paulownia tree reaches about 100 kg. When the leaves have a favorable nutritional value, they can be used as fodder in feeding ruminants. In Iran, there has been no study on the nutritional value of Paulownia leaves for use in animal feed. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the chemical composition of Paulownia leaves and the chemical composition, gas production parameters, digestion and fermentation characteristics of the silages from the mixture of different levels of Paulownia leaves (Tebjoo hybrid variety) and fodder corn in vitro.
Materials and Methods: The corn forage and Paulownia leaves (Tebjoo hybrid variety) were prepared. At first, the chemical composition of corn forage and Paulonia leaf samples was determined based on the conventional methods. Then, both forages were chopped into 2-4 cm sizes using a hand chopper for silage preparation. Experimental treatments included silages containing different ratios of fodder corn and Paulownia leaves (0:100, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100). The materials were compacted in the plastic containers and the silage period lasted 60 days. Determining the chemical composition of fresh fodders and the nutritional value of experimental silages including chemical composition, in vitro gas production and fermentation parameters, digestibility and enzyme activity were carried out based on a completely random design.
Results and Discussion: Results indicated that dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), lignin, non-fibrer carbohydrates (NFC) and water soluble carbohydrates content of fresh Paulownia leaves were 266, 911, 173, 402, 201, 35.5, 86.4, 404 and 91.2 g/kg DM, respectively. The mentioned chemical composition in Paulownia silage were 273, 902, 164, 393, 191, 38.8, 74.5, 386 and 25.4 g/kg DM, respectively. With increasing the proportion of Paulownia leaf in silage, DM, CP, lignin, EE, ammonia nitrogen concentration increased linearly (P<0.05). However, OM, NDF and ADF decreased linearly (P<0.05). By increasing the ratio of Paulownia leaf to corn in th silage, in vitro gas production (GP) in 24, 36 and 48 h, GP potential (coefficient b) and short-chain volatile fatty acids concentration decreased linearly (P<0.05), although it linearly increased ammonia nitrogen concentration and microbial protein synthesis (P<0.05). The carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper degrading activities decreased linearly with increasing the inclusion level of Paulownia leaf in silage (P<0.05). However, ruminal alpha-amylase and protease activity showed a linear increase (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study showed that the Paulownia leaf of Tebjoo hybrid variety has a favorable nutritional value as a new forage source in animal nutrition. Also, the preparation of silages including different ratio of Paulownia leaves and corn is recommended for animal feeding in the conditions of significant shortage of protein resources in the country. Future research is warranted to investigate how Paulownia leaf affect ruminant performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Chemical composition
• Corn forage
• Digestibility
• Fermentation parametes
• Paulownia leaf
• Silage

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source

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