اثر اسانس‌های گیاهی پونه کوهی، پرتقال و زیره سبز بر ترکیب شیمیایی و فراسنجه‌های تجزیه‌پذیری سیلاژ ذرت در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

نویسندگان

• هادی قربانی
• سید علیرضا وکیلی
• محسن دانش مسگران

گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/ijasr.v8i3.32965

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی اثر اسانس‌های گیاهی پونه ‌کوهی، پرتقال و زیره سبز ( 50، 100 و 150‌میلی‌گرم اسانس، به‌ازای کیلوگرم ماده‌ خشک سیلاژ) بر ‌ترکیب شیمیایی، فراسنجه‌های تولید‌گاز، پایداری هوازی و تجزیه‌پذیری ماده‌ خشک سیلاژ ذرت انجام‌گرفت. سیلوکردن در کیسه‌های پلاستیکی انجام‌ شد. سیلوها در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی بعد از 256‌روز باز شدند. سیلا‍‍‍‍‍‍‍ژ‌های تیمار شده با پونه 150و زیره 150، pH سیلاژ ذرت را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش‌دادند. تیمار پونه 150 پروتئین خام بیشتری نسبت به تیمارشاهد داشت. مقدار نیتروژن آمونیاکی در تیمارهای پونه 100، پونه 150 و زیره 150 نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش پیدا‌ کرد. اسانس‌های پونه ‌100، پونه ‌150 و پرتقال 150 باعث افزایش فراسنجه‌های تولید گاز از بخش قابل‌تخمیردر مقایسه با تیمار شاهد‌‌ شدند. هم‌چنین اسانس‌های زیره 50، زیره 150 و پرتقال‌150 باعث کاهش معنی‌دار بخش قابل‌تخمیر نسبت به تیمار شاهد شدند . پونه 100 باعث افزایش، پونه 50 و پرتقال50 باعث کاهش ثابت نرخ تولید گاز شدند. پونه 100 و 150 باعث افزایش اسیدهای چرب کوتاه‌زنجیر، انرژی‌ متابولیسمی و قابلیت ‌هضم ماده آلی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شدند. زیره ‌100 و‌150 باعث کاهش قابلیت ‌هضم ماده خشک در ماده ‌آلی، اسیدهای‌ چرب کوتاه‌زنجیر و قابلیت ‌هضم ماده‌آلی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شدند. سیلاژهای عمل‌آوری شده با زیره 150، زیره 100، پونه 150، پونه 100 و پرتقال 150 پایداری هوازی بیشتری در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد داشتند. تجزیه‌پذیری ماده خشک سیلاژ ذرت تحت تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف در شرایط آزمایشگاهی قرار نگرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اسانس‌های گیاهی
• پایداری هوازی
• تولید گاز
• سیلاژ ذرت

20.1001.1.20083106.1395.8.3.4.7

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Oregano, Cumin and Sweet orange Essential oils on Chemical Composition and Degradability Coefficients Corn silage in in-vitro Condition

نویسندگان [English]

• Hadi Ghorbani
• Seyyed alireza Vakili
• Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of essential oils of oregano, sweet orange and cumin on chemical composition, parameters of gas production capacity, aerobic stability and degradability of dry matter corn silage carried. Secondary metabolites such as essential oils have antimicrobial properties that by adjusting ruminal fermentation in ruminants to improve the use of nutrients. Oils or extracts of medicinal plants studied could be a viable alternative to Ionophores and antibiotics. While improving energy efficiency and the use of nitrogen in the rumen and reduce the production of methane and nitrogen excretion as environmental pollutants, antibiotic resistance in human pathogens reduced to its minimum Essential oils may be used in ruminant nutrition because silage and rumen fermentation depends on the microbial activity that can be affected by essential oils. Studies show the effects of essential oils on different processes in the rumen. The positive effects of antimicrobial essential oils has led the researchers sought to evaluate the potential of these materials are for controlling and improving rumen fermentation as a method of improving feed efficiency . Given that the effective range of essential oils and their compounds are widespread and many of them have still not been studied, this study was to evaluate these essential oils on ruminal fermentation parameters.

Materials and Methods Corn forage was harvested at 30 to 31% of dry matter (DM) content and chopped with a forage harvester to a theoretical of 50, 100 and 150 mgEOkg−1 DM. To determine dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and ash from the recommended methods AOAC (1990) was used. As well as to determine neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Van Sousse and colleagues Van Soest et al.,(1991) were used. ADF was also the hemicellulose length of 1–2 cm. Essential oil (EO), Cumin (CUM), Oregano (ORE) was dissolved in 0.5 v/v aqueous ethanol and sprayed onto the forage at a rate of 5.56 mL kg−1 silage. The oils were applied to the forage to achieve final concentrations fraction of NDF (Chaves et al., 2012). The concentration of ammonia nitrogen were determined using the method Mu and by device (Kjeltec Auto 1030 Analyzer Tecator). Measurement parameters gas production with the method Menke and. Steingass (1988). Estimates OMD and ME According to equations (Makkar. 2004) were determined. Estimation of short chain fatty acids according to equation Gottschalk (1986) was determined. Determine the parameters of degradability matter in samples studied was by proposed equation Orskov and I. McDonald (1979). The data was analyzed considering a completely randomized design.

Results and Discussion The pH of corn silage treated with oregano 150 and cumin 150 decreased in comparison with control treatment significantly (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Aerobic stability
• Corn silage
• Essential oils
• Gas production

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