اثر قرص آهسته رهش روی، سلنیوم و کبالت بر برخی فراسنجه های خونی و عملکرد بره های نر و ماده مهربان

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

نویسندگان

• حسن علی عربی
• امیر فدایی فر

گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

10.22067/ijasr.v7i1.35315

چکیده

جهت انجام این آزمایش 20 رأس بره نر و 20 رأس بره ماده مهربان با میانگین وزن بدن 71/1±37/30 کیلوگرم، چرا کننده بر روی پسمانده زمین‌های کشاورزی در آزمایش فاکتویل 2×2 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به مدت 70 روز مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. تیمارها شامل: 1) بره های نر شاهد بدون دریافت قرص آهسته رهش؛ 2) بره های ماده شاهد بدون دریافت قرص آهسته رهش؛ 3) بره های نر دریافت کننده قرص آهسته رهش؛ و 4) بره های ماده دریافت کننده قرص آهسته رهش. بره ها در ابتدا و انتهای آزمایش توزین شدند و افزایش وزن روزانه نیز تعیین شد. غلظت روی، سلنیوم، مس، آهن و ویتامین 12B پلاسما، فعالیت آنزیم های آلکالین فسفاتاز سرم و گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز خون کامل و غلظت هورمون های تری یدوتیرونین و تیروکسین و نسبت تیروکسین به تری یدوتیرونین سرم در روزهای 35 و 70 آزمایش تعیین شدند. میانگین وزن نهایی، افزایش وزن روزانه، غلظت روی و سلنیوم پلاسما، فعالیت آنزیم های آلکالین فسفاتاز، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز و غلظت ویتامین 12B پلاسما و غلظت هورمون های تری یدوتیرونین و تیروکسین و نسبت تیروکسین به تری یدوتیرونین سرم گروه های دریافت کننده قرص به‌طور معنی داری بالاتر از گروه شاهد بود. فعالیت گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز، میانگین وزن پایانی و میانگین افزایش وزن در بره‌های نر نسبت به بره های ماده بالاتر بود. غلظت مس و آهن پلاسمای بره‌های نر و ماده تحت تاثیر تیمار قرار نگرفت. نتایج کلی نشان داد قرص های آهسته رهش مواد معدنی فوق ضمن تامین نیاز بره های نر و ماده به عناصر فوق باعث افزایش عملکرد آن‌ها نیز می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• قرص آهسته رهش
• مواد معدنی کم مصرف
• بره
• عملکرد

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Slow-release Bolus of Zinc, Selenium and Cobalt on Some Blood Metabolites and Performance of Male and Female Mehraban Lambs

نویسندگان [English]

• Hassan Aliarabi
• Amir Fadayifar

Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Zinc (Zn) is cofactor of more than 300 enzymes and is needed for growth, DNA synthesis, immunity and other important cellular processes (Wood, 2000). Cobalt (Co) has been demonstrated to be an essential nutrient for ruminants and is required by ruminal microorganisms for the synthesis of vitamin B12 (McDowell, 2000). Selenium is an integral component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) which neutralizes the effects of hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxide (Awadeh et al, 1998). Trace element deficiencies occur most frequently in the grazing animal where the use of extra food is limited. Supplementation of these grazing ruminants with trace elements can prove difficulties. Trace elements can be supplemented in different ways. For example, the free-access methods (minerals, licks and blocks), but this suffers from variable intakes (Kendall, 1977). Oral drenches require frequent dosing in order to prevent deficiencies due to the short acting response of this type of supplement (Kendall et al., 2000). Injections require long term storage within the animal or frequent dosing. The controlled release bolus route should provide each animal with a consistent dose in line with its requirements sustained over a long period of time, such that one treatment of the animals should ensure adequate trace element cover for a number of months. The objective of our study was to determine the effects of slow-release bolus (Zn, Se and Co) on some blood metabolites and performance of male and female Mehraban lambs.
Materials and Methods: To conduct this experiment, 20 male and 20 female Mehraban lambs with average body weight of 30.37±1.71 kg grazing on the waste of agricultural land were used in a completely randomized design as 2×2 factorial experiment for 70 days. Treatments consisted of: 1) control male lambs not receiving slow-release bolus; 2) control female lambs not receiving slow-release bolus; 3) male lambs receiving a slow-release bolus; and 4) female lambs receiving a slow-release bolus. Final body weight, average daily gain, zinc, selenium, copper, iron, vitamin B12 concentrations of plasma, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, GSH-Px activity in whole blood and concentrations of serum T3, T4 and ratio of T3 to T4 were determined on days 35 and 70. Data collected for different parameters and determined in different days, were analyzed as repeated measures in a completely randomized design. The model used for analysis was: Yijkl = µ + Ai + Bj + ABij + Eaijl + Ebijkl
Where µ is overall mean, Ai: effect of treatment i, Bj: effect of day, ABij: interaction effect of treatment × day, Eaijl: error A, Ebijkl: error B. Duncan’s multiple range tests was used for comparison of means, considering P ≤ 0.05 as the significant level. The MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, 2004) was used for analysis of data.
Results and Discussion: The average final body weight, average daily gain, plasma concentrations of zinc and selenium, alkaline phosphatase and glutathione peroxidase activity, plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 in groups receiving slow-release bolus were significantly higher than the control group(P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Slow-release bolus
• Trace element
• lamb
• Performance

مراجع

1- Abdelrahaman, M. M., A. M. Numan, A. L. Rayyan, T. Awawdeh, and A.Y. Alazzeh. 2003. The effects of dietary levels of zinc-methionine on the performance of growing Awwasi lambs. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 6: 979 –983.

2- Aliarabi, H., and A. Fadayifar. 2013. Effect of slow-release bolus on some blood metabolites and lambing performance of ewes. The second international conference on agriculture and natural resources. 2: 8-10.

3- Alimohamady, R., H. Aliarabi, A. A. Bahari, and A. H. Dezfoulian. 2013. Influence of Different Amounts and Sources of Selenium Supplementation on Performance, Some Blood Parameters, and Nutrient Digestibility in Lambs. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res. 154: 45–54.

4- Arthur, J. R. 1988. Effects of selenium and vitamin E status on plasma creatine kinase activity in calves. J. Nutr. 118: 747–755.

5- Attia, A. N., S. A. Awadalla, E. Y. Esmail, and M. M. Hady. 1987. Role of some microelements in nutrition of water buffalo and its relation to production. 2. Effect of zinc supplementation. Assiut. Vet. Med. J. 18: 91–100.

6- Balali, M. R., M. J. Malakouti Rad, H. H. Mashayekhi, and Z. Khademi. 2008. The effect of micronutrients on yield and determine the critical levels in soils under wheat cultivation in Iran. Journal Soil and Water. 12: 6. (In Persian).

7- Beckett, G. J. and J. R. Arthur. 2005. Selenium and endocrine systems. J Endocrinology. 184:455-465.

8- Beckett, G. J., F. Nicol, P. W. Rae, S. Beach, Y. Guo, and J. R. Arthur. 1993. Effects of combined iodine and selenium deficiency on thyroid hormone metabolism in rats. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 57: 2405-2435.

9- Berger, L. B. 2006. Salt and trace mineral for livestock, poultry and other animals. Salt Institute.

10- Bishehsari, S. H., M. M. Tabatabaei, H. Aliarabi, D. Alipour, P. Zamani, and A. Ahmadi. 2010. Effect of dietary cobalt supplementation on plasma and rumen metabolites in Mehraban lambs. Small. Ruminant. Res. 90: 170–173.

11- Cousins, R. B. 1997. Differential mRNA display, competitive polymerase chain reaction and transgenic approaches to investigate zinc-responsive genes in animals and man. In: Fischer, P.W.F., L’Abbe, M.R., Cockell, K.A. and Gibson, R.S. (eds) Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals (TEMA 9). NRC Research Press. Ottawa. Canada, pp. 849–852.

12- Dalir-Naghadeh, B., and S. A. Rezaei. 2008. Assessmant of serum thyroid hormone concentrations in lambs with selenium deficiency myopathy. Am. J. Vet. Res. 69: 659-663.

13- Dezfoulian, A. H., H. Aliarabin, M. M. Tabatabaei, P. Zamani, D. Alipour, A. A. Bahari, and A. Fadayifar. 2012. Influence of different levels and sources of copper supplementation on Performance, some blood parameters, nutrient digestibility and mineral balance in lambs. Livest. Sci. 147: 9–19.

14- Droke, E. A., G. P. Gengelbach, and J. W. Spears. 1998. Influence of level and source (inorganic vs organic) of zinc supplementation on immune function in growing lambs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 11: 139–149.

15- Fadayifar, A., and H. Aliarabi. 2013. Slow-release bolus (trace mineral) for ruminants. Iranian Patent. No:79633. (In Persian).

16- Fadayifar, A., H. Aliarabi, M. M. Tabatabaei, P. Zamani, A. A. Bahari, M. Malaki, and A. H. Dezfoulian. 2012. Improvement in lamb performance on barley based diet supplemented with zinc. Livest. Sci. 144: 285-289.

17- Garg, A. K., and R. S. Vishal Mudgal. 2008. Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization and mineral profile in lambs. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 144: 82–96.

18- Hefnawy, A. E. and J. L. Tortora-Perez. 2010. The importance of selenium and the effects of its deficiency in animal health. Small. Ruminant. Res. 89: 185-192.

19- Ivancicjr, J. and W. P. Weiss. 2001. Effect of dietary sulfur and selenium concentrations on selenium balance of lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84: 225–232.

20- Juniper, D. T., R. H. Phipps, A. K. Jones, and G. Bertin. 2006. Selenium supplementation of lactating dairy cows: effect on selenium concentration in blood, milk, urine and feces. J. Dairy Sci. 89: 3544-3551.

21- Karami, M. 2008. Evaluation of feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs spring Lori-Bakhtiari male and female. Proceedings of the Second Seminar on animal feed. Animal Science Research Institute. pp. 159-164. (In Persian).

22- Kendall, N. R., A. M. Mackenzie, S. B. and Telfer. 2012. The trace element and humoral immune response of lambs administered a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus. Livest. Sci. 148: 81–86.

23- Kendall, N. R., D. W. Jackson, A. M. Mackenzie, D. V. Illingworth, I. M. Gill, and S. B. Telfer. 2001. The effect of a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus on trace element status and semen quality of ram lambs. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 62: 277–283.

24- Kendall, N. R., S. McMullen, A. Green, and R. G. Rodway. 2000. The effect of zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus on the trace element status of extensively grazed sheep over winter. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 62: 277–283.

25- Kendall, N. R., S. B. and Telfer. 2000. Induction of zinc deficiency in sheep and its correction with a bolus of soluble glass containing zinc. Vet. Rec. 146: 634–637.

26- Kennedy, D. G., P. B. Young, S. Kennedy, J. M. Scott, A. M. Molloy, D. G. Weir, and J. Price. 1995. Cobalt – Vitamin B12 deficiency and the activity of methylmalonyl CoA mutase and methionine synthase in cattle. Internat. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 65: 241-247.

27- Kennedy, D. G., P. B. Young, S. J. Kennedy, M. Scott, A.M. Molloy, D.G. Weir, and J. Price. 1995. Cobalt – Vitamin B12 deficiency and the activity of methylmalonyl CoA mutase and methionine synthase in cattle. Internat. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 65:241-247.

28- Khan, S. A. 1978. Interaction of copper and zinc and its influence on the metabolism of major nutrients in growing calves. PhD Thesis. Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.

29- Khavazy, K., M. J. Malakouti Rad, N. Saleh Rastin, and M. Afshari. 2006. Investigation of nutrient status of soils under alfalfa cultivation in Hamadan province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 2: 1-14. (In Persian).

30- Kojouri, G. A. 2006. The status of cobalt in soil, plants and sheep in Shahrekord district, Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, University of Shiraz. 7: 14.

31- Kojouri, G. A. and A. Shirazi. 2007. Serum concentration of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mo, and Co in newborn lambs folloing systemic administration of Vitamin E and selenium to the pregnant ewes. Small. Ruminant. Res. 70:136-139.

32- Kolmer, J.A., E.H. Spandling, and H.W. Robinson. 1951. Approved Laboratory Techniques. Appleton Century Craft, New York:1090–1091.

33- Kumar M., A. K. Garg, R. S. Dass, V. K. Chaturvedi, V. Mudgal, and V. P. Varshney. 2009. Selenium supplementation influences growth performance, antioxidant status and immune response in lambs. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 153: 77-87.

34- Kumar, M., A. K. Garg, and V. Mudgal. 2008. Effect of different levels of selenium supplementation on growth rate, nutrient utilization, blood metabolic profile, and immune response in lambs. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res.126: 44-56.

35- Malakouti Rad, M. J., N. Saleh Rastin, and M. Afshari. 2002. Forgotten of zinc deficiency within the life cycle of plants, animals and human. Publications Senate, Tehran, Iran.

36- Mandal, G. P., R. S. Dass, D. P. Isore, A. K. Garg, and G. C. Ram. 2007. Effect of zinc supplementation from two sources on growth, nutrient utilization and immune response in male crossbred cattle (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) bulls. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 138: 1–12.

37- McDowell, L. R. 2000. Vitamin B12 . Pages 523–563 in Vitamins in Animal and Human Nutrition. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames.

38- Miller, W. J. 1969. Absorption, tissue distribution, endogenous excretion, and homeostatic control of zinc in ruminants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 22: 1323-1331.

39- Moeini, M. M., A. Kiani, H. Karami, and E. Mikaeili. 2011. The effect of selenium administration on the selenium, copper, iron and zinc status of pregnant heifers and their newborn calves. J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 13: 53-59.

40- Mohri, M., A. Ehsani, M. A. Norouzian, M. Heidarpour, and H. A. Seifi. 2011. Parenteral selenium and vitamin E supplementation to lambs: hematology, serum biochemistry, performance, and relationship with other trace elements. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res.139: 308-316.

41- NRC, 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Sheep, Goats, Cervids and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

42- Paglia, D., W. Valentine. 1967. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 70: 158–169.

43- Pechova, A., Misurova, L., Pavlata, L., and R. Dvorak. 2009. The Influence of Supplementation of Different Forms of Zinc in Goats on the Zinc Concentration in Blood Plasma and Milk. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res. 132: 112-121.

44- Pinto, R. E. and W. Bartley. 1969. The effect of age and sex on glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities and on aerobic glutathione oxidation in rat liver homogenates. Biochem. J. 112: 109–115.

45- Prasad, A. S., J. A. Halsted, and M. Nadimi. 1961. Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegly, hypogonadism, dwarfism and geophagia. Am. J. Med. 1: 532-535.

46- Rowntree, J. E., G. M. Hill, D. R. Hawkins, J. E. Link, M. J. Rincker, G. W. Bednar, and M. J. Kreftjr. 2004. Effect of Se on selenoprotein activity and thyroid hormone metabolism in beef and dairy cows and calves. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 2995-3005.

47- SAS Institute, 2004. User's Guide. Version 9.1: Statistics. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.

48- Spears, J. W. and W. P. Weiss. 2008. Role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows. Vet. J. 176: 70–76.

49- Suttle, N. F. 2010. Mineral Nutrition of Livestock, 4th ed. CAB International. 368 Oxford. UK.

50- Tiffany, M. E., and J. W. Spears. 2005. Differential responses to dietary cobalt in finishing steers fed corn vs. barley-base diets. J. Anim. Sci. 83: 2580–2589.

51- Ullrey, D. E., M. R. Light, P. S. Brady, P. A. Whetter, J. E. Tilton, H. A. Hanneman, and W.T. Magee. 1978. Selenium supplements in salt for sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 46: 1515.

52- Wang, R., L. Kong, X. H. Zhang, Y. Z. Zhu, X. P. Narenbatu, and Z. H. Jia. 2007. Influence of dietary cobalt on performance, nutrient digestibility and plasma metabolites in lambs. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 135: 346–352.

53- Wichtel, J. J., A. L. Craigie, D. A. Freeman, H. Varela-Alvarez, and N. B. Wiiiamson. 1996. Effect of selenium and iodine supplementation on growth rate and on thyroid and somatotrophic function in dairy calves at pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1865-1872.

54- Zervas, G. 1988. Treatment of dairy sheep with soluble glass boluses containing copper, cobalt and selenium. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 19: 79-83.

55- Zervas, G., S. B. Telfer, G. Carlos, and P. H. Anderson. 1988. The Effect of Soluble-glass Boluses Containing Copper, Cobalt and Selenium on the Blood Composition of Ewes. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 21: 23-29.