تعیین اثرات منابع ضداکسیداسیون آلی و منبع چربی بر عملکرد، اجزاء لاشه، فراسنجه های استخوانی جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی- تغذیه طیور

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

2 استاد پژوهشی، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات علوم دامی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات تفاله گوجه فرنگی و پودر زردچوبه و منبع چربی (روغن سویا، کانولا و پیه حیوانی) بر عملکرد، اجزاء لاشه، فراسنجه های استخوانی جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی، آزمایشی به صورت آزمون فاکتوریل 2×2×3 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه نوع منبع چربی (روغن سویا، روغن کانولا و پیه حیوانی)، دو سطح پودر زردچوبه (4/0 و 8/0درصد) و دو سطح تفاله گوجه فرنگی (3 و 5درصد) در جوجه های در معرض تنش گرمایی اجرا شد. تعداد 504 قطعه جوجه یک روزه سویه راس در 12 تیمار، 3 تکرار (36 واحد آزمایشی) و 14 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار توزیع شد. در دوره تنش گرمایی (42-29 روزگی)، جوجه ها روزانه به مدت 5 ساعت (11-16) در معرض دمای 33 درجه سانتی گراد قرار گرفتند. در روزهای 28 و 42، دو قطعه جوجه از هر تکرار جهت بررسی خصوصیات اجزاء لاشه و فراسنجه های استخوانی کشتار شد.. نتایج نشان داد که روغن کانولا و سطح 5 درصد تفاله گوجه باعث بهبود وزن بدن قبل و بعد از تنش گرمایی گردید. مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل جوجه‌ها در پایان 28 روزگی در جوجه های تغذیه شده با روغن کانولا نسبت به پیه پایین‌تر بود(05/0>P). شاخص تولید و راندمان مصرف انرژی و پروتئین در گروه تغذیه شده با روغن کانولا نسبت به پیه پیش از اعمال تنش گرمایی افزایش یافت. وزن نسبی بورس قبل از تنش و بورس و طحال در جوجه‌های تحت تنش تغذیه شده با روغن کانولا نسبت به پیه افزایش یافت(05/0>P). کانولا و پودر زردچوبه و تفاله گوجه وزن نسبی چربی بطنی را کاهش دادند(05/0>P). درصد خاکستر، کلسیم، طول استخوان، قطر دیافیز و ضخامت دیواره خارجی استخوان جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با روغن کانولا بهتر از پیه بود. همچنین درصد خاکستر و کلسیم در سطح 8/0 درصد پودر زردچوبه بالاتر بود(05/0>P). در جوجه‌های تحت تنش اثر متقابل بین روغن و تفاله گوجه برای راندمان مصرف انرژی و پروتئین و شاخص تولید معنی دار شد(05/0>P). بنابراین استفاده از روغن کانولا به همراه سطوح پائین منابع ضداکسیداسیون های آلی زردچوبه و تفاله گوجه به بهبود راندمان تولید و فراسنجه های استخوانی و کاهش چربی بطنی جوجه های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی پیشنهاد می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the effects of organic antioxidants and fat sources on performance, carcass and bone characteristics of broilers under heat stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • seyyed javad Hosseini-vashan 1
  • Akbar Yaghobfar 2
  • Abolghasem Golian 3
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
2 Professor, Animal Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction Heat stress is one of the major environmental stressors that negatively influence feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nutrient digestion, absorption, and retention in the poultry production. In the two last decades, several researches were done to find approaches for decreasing the undesirable effects of high ambient temperatures. Supplementation of powder, extract and essence of some medicinal plants were proposed that could be used in poultry production to improve the performance, immune system and antioxidant status in heat stress condition. Turmeric powder is known as a natural antioxidant, because it has several antioxidant component specially curcumin that prevent the oxidative reaction and the free radicals production in the live body. On the other hand, some of by-products in food industry may also be used in heat stressed birds. Tomato pomace is a reachable source of vit E, C and A and several carotenoids specially lycopene that has antimutagenic, anticancer and antioxidant properties. Therefore the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of organic antioxidants including turmeric powder and tomato pomace and fat sources including soybean oil, canola oil and tallow on performance, carcass and bone characteristics of broilers under heat stress.
Materials and Methods An experiment with factorial arrangement 3× 2× 2 (3 oils involved: canola, soybean, tallow, 2 turmeric powder (TRP) levels involved 0.4, 0.8% and 2 tomato pomace (TP) levels 3, 5 of TP%) in a completely randomized design in heat stressed birds was done. Five hundred four one-d-old male Ross broilers were randomly allocated to 36 experimental units with 12 dietary treatments (3 replicates with 12 birds in each). The feed and water were supplied ad libitum. All diets were balanced to meet the nutrient requirement proposed by the Ross committee. A daily heat stressed (HS) schedule (33oC for 5 h) was applied from 29 to 42d of experiment. The photoperiod schedule, vaccination, ventilation and humidity were applied according to the recommendation of Ross management catalog. At 28 d. (before heat stress PHS) and 42 d. (after heat stress AHS) of age, two chicks per replicate were bled and slaughtered. The relative weight of carcass, intestine, thigh, liver, spleen, intestine, pancreases, gall bladder and abdominal fat were determined. The bone characteristics including dry matter, ash, calcium, phosphorous, bone length, diaphysis diameter were studied. The data were analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS software and the differences among mean were investigated by tukey test.
Results and discussions The results indicated that body weight gain enhanced when chicks fed diets containing canola oil or 5% TP. Canola oil including diet decreased the FCR at 28d (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bone parameters
  • Broiler
  • Fat
  • Heat stress
  • Performance
  • Turmeric powder
  • Tomato pomace

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 آذر 1392
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 آذر 1392
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 تیر 1395

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