اثر نانو ذرات نقره و پری‌بیوتیک بر عملکرد رشد، جمعیت میکروبی روده کور و برخی از شاخص‌های خونی در جوجه‌های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم دامی، واحد کاشمر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کاشمر، ایران

چکیده

هدف از انجام این آزمایش بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف نانو ذرات نقره و پری‌بیوتیک بـر عملکـرد رشـد، شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی خون، جمعیت میکروبی روده کور و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی سویه راس 308 بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به روش فاکتوریل 3×3 با 9 تیمار و 4 تکرار و 12 مشاهده در هر تکرار و در مجموع با 432 قطعه جوجه گوشتی انجام شد. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل سه سطح نانوذرات نقره (400،800 و0 میلی لیتـر در مترمکعب آب آشامیدنی) و سـه سـطح پـری‌بیوتیـک (5/0 و 25/0 ،0درصـد در جیره غذایی) از 1 تا 42 روزگی بود. جیره‌های آزمایشی براساس احتیاجات غذایی سویه راس 308 تنظیم گردید. بیشترین افزایش وزن و کمترین ضریب تبدیل در تیمارهای حاوی نانوذرات نقره (400 و 800 میلی‌لیتر) بدون و با 5/0درصد پری‌بیوتیک مشاهده شد. 5/0 درصد پری بیوتیک در جیره غذایی جوجه‌های گوشتی و 800 میلـی لیتـر سـبب کـاهش تعداد باکتری‌های کلی باسیل، سالمونلا و افزایش باکتری‌های لاکتوباسیل در روده کور جوجه‌های گوشتی شد. پری‌بیوتیک سبب افزایش HDL و کاهش معنی‌دار پروتئین تام سرم خون بین سطح صفر و 5/0 درصد شد. نتـایج حاصل از ایـن تحقیـق نشـان داد کـه اسـتفاده از سـطح 5/0 درصـد پری بیوتیک در جیره غذایی سبب افزایش وزن و بهبود ضریب تبدیل جوجه‌های گوشتی شد. همچنین اسـتفاده از 800 میلی لیتر نانوذرات نقره درآب آشامیدنی سبب کاهش تعداد باکتری‌های کلی باسیل و سالمونلا در روده کور جوجه‌های گوشتی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of silver nanoparticles and ,rebiotic on growth performance, microbial population of ceca and blood indices inbroiler chicken

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Vakili
  • Qasem Ramezani
Department of Animal Science, Kashmar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
Introduction Prebiotics are non-digestible additives that stimulate the growth or activity of one or more bacteria in the gut, which can have a beneficial effect on the host and thus improve the health of the host animal. Prebiotics increase feed intake, final weight and improve feed conversion when fed to broilers. Prebiotics cause changes in the blood parameters and immune response in broilers. Numerous studies have shown the antibacterial properties of silver nano-particles and their useful applications in the poultry industry. These include increasing feed intake and decreasing the number of pathogen microbes in the gastrointestinal tract that cause bacterial cell death by binding nano-silver to the surface of gram-negative bacterial membranes through sulfur-containing proteins and by altering the membrane permeability and respiratory chain. Inflammation is the result of induction of oxygen-free radicals by silver nanoparticles, which leads to impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients in the bird's gastrointestinal tract. Many studies have shown the importance of natural flora in maintaining bird health and found that the flora in these sites had a profound effect on the process of making prebiotic consumables in poultry. Adding prebiotic compounds, especially fructans to broilers, improves weight gain and feed conversion ratio and carcass weight due to increased length and density villi distribution. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of combined prebiotics and nano-silver on growth performance, blood indices, immune response and microbial population of ceca in broiler.
Materials and Methods In this experiment, 432 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design with 9 treatments, 4 replications and 12 observations per replicate. The composition of the experimental diets was determined using the Ross 308 strain rearing guide. The basal diets were identical in energy and other nutrients. In this experiment silver nanoparticles were added 0, 400, 800 ml in drinking water and prebiotic added 0.025 and 0.5 % to the basal diets. The mean body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio were determined at the 1 to 42 days. Blood samples were taken from all experimental units for 10, 24 and 42 days to measure the titers of Newcastle, Infectious Bursal, and influenza antibodies. The blood sample was slowly poured into sterile lid tubes and transferred to the laboratory in an ice tank. In the laboratory, blood samples were centrifuged at 10,000 RPM for 10 minutes, followed by Newcastle antibody titers (Hemagglutination inhibition) and Infectious Bursal antibody titers by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). The infectious influenza antibody titers were determined by ELISA .At the end of the experiment, after slaughter and carcass analysis, Cecal contents were extracted with a syringe (3 ml). And they were transferred to the lab to count the number of bacteria. Mac County medium was used for counting Coli bacillus, MRS agar for lactobacillus count. Salmonella was cultured on BGA (Brilliant Green Agar) specified media (Merck, Germany) at 37°C for 24 hrs. Data analysis was performed using SAS software and mean comparison with Duncan test at 5% level.
Results and Discussion There was a statistically significant difference in feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio using silver nano-particles  and prebiotics different levels between in total period of experiment (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the level of serum HDL, LDL, and TP in different levels of prebiotic (P<0.05). The lowest total number of bacilli and Salmonella was observed in 0.5% prebiotic treatment. The highest number of lactobacilli was observed in the treatments containing 0.25% and 0.5% prebiotics. The highest number of Coli bacilli and Salmonella was observed in the treatment without silver nanoparticles and the lowest in the treatment containing 800 ml. Also, the highest number of lactobacilli in treatment was 800 ml (P<0.05).The results of this study showed that using 0.5% prebiotic level in the diet of broiler chickens improved the growth performance and immune system. Also, the use of 800 ml levels reduced the number of harmful bacteria in the ceca of broiler chickens
Conclusion According to the results of this experiment, the use of prebiotics and silver nano-particles in the diet and water can improve the performance of the chicks during rearing period. 0.5% of prebiotics in broiler diets and 800 ml of silver nanoparticles decreased the number of harmful bacteria and increased the beneficial bacteria in broiler ceca.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochemical Parameters of Blood
  • Broilers
  • Cecum Bacteria
  • Prebiotics
  • Nano-silver
1.Abrishami, H., M. Zarea, H. Kermanshahi, and H. Pelevar. 2010. Investigating the effect of various levels of perbiotomic formectomy and probiotic (contents of cocumber cultured) on yield and microbial population of the digestive tract.Page 23 in Proc. Fourth Congress of Animal Sciences, Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus of Tehran University (Karaj). (In Persian).
2.Atiyeh, B. S., M. Costagliola, S. N. Hayek, and S. A. Dibo. 2007. Effect of silver on burn wound infection control and healing. Review of the Literature Burns 33: 139–148.
3.Bailey, J. S., L. C, Blankenship, L. C., and N. A. Cox. 1991. Effect of fructooligosaccharides on salmonella colonization of the chicken intestine. Poultry Science, 70:2433-2438.
4.Ballou, C. E. 1970. A study of the immunochemistry of three yeast mannans. Journal Biology Chemisty. 245:1197-1203.
5.Benites, V., R. Gilharry, A.G.Gernat, and I. G. Murillo. 2008. Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide from Bio-Mos or SAFmannan on live performance of broiler chickens. Journal Apply Poultry Research. 17: 471-475.
6.Borne, F., and F. Brouns. 2002. Immune-stimulating and gut-health-promoting properties of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides. Nutrition Review, 60: 326-334.
7.Collins, M. D., and G. R. Gibson.1999. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics:approaches for modulating the microbial ecology of the gut. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, 1052S–1057S.
8.Crittenden, R. G., and M. J. Playne. 1996. Production, properties and applications of food-grade oligosaccharides. Trends Food Science Technology, 7: 353-361.
9.Cross, M. L. 2002. Microbes versus microbes:immune signals generated by probiotic lactobacilli and their role in protection against microbial pathogens. FEMS Immunological Medicene Microbiology, 34: 245-253.
10.Fuller, R. 1997. Modification of the intestinal microflora using probiotics and prebiotics. Scandinavin Journal Gast, 32:28-31.
11.Ghorbanpour, k., M. Khosravi, R.Vakili, and A. Jamshidi. 2010. Study of the effect of prebiotic (Fermetto) on small intestine pH, number of beneficial bacterial population of Lactobacillus cecum in broiler chicks.Page 39 in Proc.First national probiotic conference and ultrasound products, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Center. (In Persian).           
12.Glusen, N., B. Coskun, H. D. Umucalilar, F. Boydak, and M. Ina. 2002. Effect of lactose and dried whey supplementation on growth performance and histology of the immune system in broilers. Archive Animal Nutrition. 56: 131-139.
13.Grudzien, M., and E. Sawosz. 2006. The influence of silver nanoparticles on chick embryo development and bursa Fabricius morphology. Journal of Animal Feed and Science 15: 111 – 115.
14.Hoet, P. H., I. Bruske-Hohlfeld, and O. V. Salata. 2004. Nanoparticles-known and unknown health risks. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2: 12-14.
15.Jafari A., M. Karimzadeh, and P. Mohammadzadeh. 2010. Determination of the effect of probiotic supplement on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood factors and mortality rates of broiler chicks. Page48 in proc. Fourth of Animal Science Congress, Agricultural and Natural Sciences Campus, University of Tehran (Karaj). (In Persian).
16.Jin, L. Z., Y. Abdullah, W. Ho., and S. Jalaludin. 2000. Digestive and bacterial enzyme activities in broilers fed diets supplemented with Lactobacillus cultures. Poultry Science, 79: 886-891.
17.Karimi, M. A., A. N. D Jeddi, and F. Ahmadi. 2008. Evaluation of the effectivencess of different levels of silver nano particles on bursa of fabricius development and on hitshistopathological lesions in broiler chicks. Acta Agraria Kaposvariensis, 3(2): 353-360.
18.Khalaji, S., M. Zaghari, and S. Nezafati. 2011. The effects of mannanoligosaccharides on cecal microbial populations, blood parameters, immune response and performance of broiler chicks under controlled condition. African Journal of Biology Research, 5(5): 160-164.
19.Khalaji, S., M. Zaghari, and Q. Cleaning. 2010. Effect of probiotic probiotic on gastrointestinal system health, immunity and performance of broiler chicks.Page96 in Proc. Fourth volume of animal science, agricultural and natural sciences campus, University of Tehran (Karaj). (In Persian).
20.Leshchinsky, T. V. and K. C. Klasing. 2001. Relationship between the level of dietary vitamin E and immune response of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 80: 1590-1599.
Lilly, D. M., and R. H. Stillwell. 1965. Probiotics: Growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science, 147: 747-748.
21.Liong, M. T., and N. P. Shah. 2006. Effects of Lactobacillus Casei symbiotic on serum lipoprotein intestinal microflora and organic acids in rates. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 1390-1399.
22.MacDonald, F. 1995. Use of immunostimulants in agricultural applications. Pages 97–103 in Biotechnology in the Feed Industry. T. P. Lyons and K.A. Jacques, ed. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.
23.Manning, S.T., and R. G. Gibson. 2004 .Prebiotics. Best Pract Res Gastroenterol Clin 18: 287-298.
24.Monchois, V., R. M. Willemot, and P. Monsan. 1999. Glucansucrases: Mechanism of action and structure-function relationships. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 23: 131-151.
25.Ngo, D. N., M. M. Kim, and S. K. Kim. 2008. Chitin oligosaccharides inhibit oxidative stress in live cells. Carbohydr Polym. 74: 228-234.
26.Nikpiran, H., and P. BiJanzad. 2012. Investigation the effects of dietary probiotic, prebiotic on performance in broiler chickens.Page 129 in Proc.3rd International Veterinary Poultry congress, Tehran Iran. (In Persian).
27.Ortiz, L. T., M. L. Rodriguez, C. Alzueta, A. Rebole, and J. Trevıno. 2009. Effect of inulin on growth performance, intestinal tract sizes, mineral retention and tibial bone mineralisation in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 50: 325-332.
28.Percival, S. L, P. G. Bowler, and D. Russell. 2005. Bacterial resistance to silver in wound care. Journal of Hospital Infection 60: 1–7.
29.Rahimi Rattaki, M., B. Dastar, S. Mohseni, and M. Khamiri. 2012. Performance Evaluation of Broiler Chickens with and without Probiotic Supplementation. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 4(2):91-99. (In Persian).
30.Sawosz, E., M. Binek, M. Grodzik, S. P. Ziellin, M. Szmidt,T. Niemiec, and A. Chwaiibog. 2007. Influence of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles on gastrointestinal microflora and morphology of enterocytes of quails. Archives of Animal Nutrition 61: 444 – 451.
31.Sharifi, S. D, and H. Zargaran Esfahani. 2020. A study on the effects of silver nanoparticles as additive on immune system, blood biochemical properties and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks. Veterinary Researches and Biological Products, 125: 85-92. (In Persian).
32.Sondi, I., and S. B. Sondi. 2004. Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for gram-negative bacteria. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 275: 77–182.
33.Svihus, B., O. Herstad, C. W. Newman, and R. K. Newman. 1997. Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of broiler chickens fed on diets containing whole, rolled or ground barley. British Poultry Science. 38: 524-529.
34.Taherpour, K., H. Moravej, M. Shivazad, M. Adibmoradi, and B. Yakhchali. 2009. Effects of dietary probiotic,probiotic and butyric acid glycerides on performance and serum.composition in broiler chickens. African Journal of biotechnology, 8(10): 3229-2334.
35.Ullison, E. A. 1987. Air-dry Energy Feeds. Feeds and Feeding, 2nd Edition. Reston Publishing Company Inc, pp. 161 – 163.
36.Wakeman, G. W. 2005. AGP alternatives- part II. Dietary strategies to influence bacterial   microflora. World Poultry 21: 28-29.
37.Yang, Y., Iji, P. A., and M. Choct. 2007. Effects of different dietary levels of mannan oligosaccharide on growth performance and gut development of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 20: 1084-1091.
38.Yusrizal, and T. C. Chen. 2003. Effect of adding chicory fructans in feed on broiler growth performance serum cholesterol and intestinal length. Poultry Science Journal, 2(3)214-219.
39.Zahraei, M. G., M. D Shakouri, F. Mirzaei, A. Gheshlagh, and F. Dastmalchi. 2013. Effect of nano silver zeolite, zeolite and flavomycine on performance and ileal nutrients digestibility of broiler chickens during the starter period. Journal of Animal Science Research, 23: 57-68.
40.Zargaran, A. H., S. D. Sharifi, A. S. Brin, and A. Afzalzadeh. 2010. Effects of silver nanoparticles on carcass performance and characteristics of broiler chickens, Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 41(2): 137-143. (In Persian).
CAPTCHA Image