ارزش تغذیه‌ای گیاه خار مریم برای گوسفند و تاثیر آن بر هضم مواد فیبری و پروتئینی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده علوم دامـی و صـنایع غـذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، خوزستان، ایران.

2 دانشـکده علـوم دامی، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان، ملاثانی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش به منظور بررسی گوارش پذیری و تخمیر خار مریم و تاثیر آن بر تخمیر و گوارش مواد فیبری (کاه گندم) و پروتئینی (کنجاله سویا) در گوسفند عربی تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی ذرت انجام پذیرفت. در این آزمایش از 12 راس گوسفند نر با میانگین وزن 22/1±37 کیلوگرم در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی استفاده شد. جیره‌های آزمایشی شامل، جیره شاهد (فاقد خارمریم) و جیره‌های مکمل شده با سطوح مختلف خارمریم (5، 10 و 20 گرم درصد ماده خشک) و طول مدت آزمایش 84 روز بود. در آزمایش دامی ماده خشک مصرفی، قابلیت‌هضم، pH مایع شکمبه، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی مایع شکمبه و متابولیت های خونی اندازه گیری شدند. فراسنجه های تولیدگاز و قابلیت‌هضم آزمایشگاهی مواد مغذی کاه گندم و کنجاله سویا انکوبه شده با مایع شکمبه گوسفندان تغذیه شده با خارمریم نیز اندازه گیری شد. ماده خشک مصرفی، نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه، هضم NDF، گلوکز و نیتروژن اوره‌ای خون در جیره‌های حاوی خارمریم کاهش معنی‌داری نسبت با شاهد داشت. اما قابلیت‌هضم ماده خشک و ADF جیره‌های آزمایشی تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف خارمریم به صورت عددی افزایش یافت و pH کاهش غیر معنی‌داری نشان داد. جیره‌های حاوی گیاه خارمریم تاثیر منفی بر قابلیت‌هضم و پتانسیل تولیدگاز کاه و کنجاله سویا نداشتند. به طور کلی، نتایج مشخص نمود که استفاده از خارمریم تا سطح 200 گرم در کیلوگرم در جیره تاثیر منفی بر عملکرد و سلامت حیوان ندارد. همچنین افزودن خارمریم به جیره تاثیر منفی بر هضم مواد الیافی (کاه) و پروتئینی (کنجاله سویا) نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Feeding Value of Silybum marianum for Sheep and its Effect on Fiber and Protein Digestion

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mojadam 1
  • Morteza Chaji 1
  • Tahereh Mohammadabadi 1
  • Saleh Tabatabaei Vakili 2
1 Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.
2 Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction Due to scarcity of forage and water resources and high feed prices in Iran, it seems that the utilization of native and cheap forage resources for ruminants is important. The Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is distributed in different regions of Iran included: Gonbad Kavoos, Gorgan, Nodeh Kalardasht, Dareh Hezareh, Dasht Mugan, Poshtkoh, Mollassani, Shush, Hamidieh, Ramhormuz, Izeh and Kazeroon. The Silybum marianum seed extract and whole plant contain many compounds including Silybin A and B, Silychristin, Apigenin, deoxy silydianin (flavonolignans). Seeds of this plant has about 20 to 25 percent oil, which oleic acids (31.85 %), linoleic acid (45.36 % percent) and palmitic acid (8.25 %) are the major fatty acids of Silybum marianum seed. Also, the Silybum marianum contains flavonoids and anti-nutritional compounds such as tannins and nitrates. Tannins, unsaturated oils and other anti-nutritional compounds may have negative effects on the digestion of fiber and protein fractions. Tannins can make complexes with large number of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, bacterial cell membrane protein and carbohydrates, and even digestive enzymes. The Silybum marianum plants are native to northern areas of Ahvaz and abundantly growth as self-propelled. The farm animals in these area (sheep, goats, camels, water buffalo and native cows, etc.) graze this plant as well as the manual feeding, but there is little known about its effects on the health, performance and digestibility of nutrients (in particular on the fiber and protein, due to existing the tannin and unsaturated oils in it) in those animals, and no research work has been done about Silybum marianum. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the feeding value of Silybum marianum and to measure its effects on rumen fermentation and digestion of fiber (straw) and protein constituents (soybean meal) feedstuff in Arabi sheep.
Materials and Methods Twelve male Arabi sheep with a mean body weight of 37±1.2 kg were allocated to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were including control diet (without Silybum marianum) and diets supplemented with different levels of Silybum marianum (50, 100 and 200 g/kg as diets 2, 3 and 4 respectively) that fed for 84 days. Dry matter intake, digestibility, fermentation parameters and blood metabolites were determined. Digestibility and gas production potential of wheat straw and soybean meal incubated with rumen fluid of sheep fed diets containing Silybum marianum were examined. The in vitro digestibility was measured by the two-step method. Gas Production was analyzed in triplicate as described by the Menke and Steingass.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that dry matter intake, rumen fermentation parameters and blood metabolites were significantly affected by the experimental diets (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blood metabolites
  • digestibility
  • Gas production
  • Rumen ammonia nitrogen
  • Wheat straw

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 اردیبهشت 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 اردیبهشت 1393
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1394

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