اثر اسانس اسطوخودوس بر عملکرد، فراسنجه‌های خونی و قابلیت هضم در جوجه‌های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی- تغذیه طیور

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

4 دانشکده دامپزشکی،دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

در این آزمایش اثر افزودن سطوح مختلف اسانس اسطوخودوس Lavandula angustifolia)) به جیره بر عملکرد، فراسنجه‌های خونی و قابلیت هضم ایلئومی مواد مغذی در جوجه‌های گوشتی مطالعه گردید. برنامه تغذیه شامل جیره آغازین از 1 تا 10 روزگی، جیره رشد از 11 تا 24 روزگی و جیره پایانی از 25 تا 42 روزگی بود. پنج تیمار آزمایشی عبارت بودند از: تیمار شاهد، افزودن ویرجینیامایسین 10% به جیره) 50 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم( و سه سطح اسانس اسطوخودوس (350، 525 و700 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم). جوجه‌های تیمار حاوی ویرجینیامایسین در سن 42 روزگی بیشترین مصرف خوراک را داشتند و پس از آن جوجه‌های تغذیه شده با جیره‌های حاوی 525 و700 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم اسانس اسطوخودوس قرار داشتند. بیشترین افزایش وزن در کل دوره مربوط به جیره حاوی ویرجینیامایسین و کمترین افزایش وزن مربوط به جیره شاهد بود. در سن 28 روزگی کمترین میزان کلسترول خون در تیمار حاوی350 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم اسانس مشاهده شد که با تیمار آنتی بیوتیک اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت. همچنین جیره‌های حاوی اسانس اسطوخودوس باعث کاهش لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا سرم نسبت به جیره‌های حاوی ویرجینیامایسین و شاهد شدند. اثرات معنی‌داری بر ضریب تبدیل غذایی، تری گلیسرید، لیپوپروتئین با چگالی پایین، لیپوپروتئین با چگالی خیلی پایین سرم و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی مشاهده نگردید. بر طبق نتایج این آزمایش اسانس اسطوخودوس باعث بهبود نتایج عملکردی در حد آنتی‌بیوتیک نگردید، اما استفاده از آن می‌تواند اثرات مثبتی بر مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و کاهش کلسترول داشته باشد، هر چند تحقیقات بیشتری در این زمینه مورد نیاز است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Lavandula Angustifolia Essential Oil on Performance, Blood Metabolites and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasim Bidar 1
  • Ahmad Hassanabadi 2
  • Hassan Nasiri moghaddam 1
  • Mehdi Varidi 3
  • Mohammad Mohsen zadeh 4
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4 Faculty of Veterinary, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

Introduction The lavender essential oil is traditionally believed to be antibacterial, antifungal, carminative (smooth muscle relaxing), sedative, antidepressive and effective for burns and insect. Lavender oil (primarily L. angustifolia) has also been found to be active against many species of bacteria and fungi. However, a few reports are available on the effect of lavender essential oil on poultry performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lavender essential oil on performance, blood metabolites and apparent nutrient digestibility in male broiler chicks.
Materials and Methods A 42-day trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil to diet on performance, blood parameters and ileal nutrient digestibility. The feeding program consisted of starter (1-10 d), grower (11-24 d) and finisher (25-42d) diets. There were 5 treatments group: control; virginiamycin 10% (50 ppm); and three levels of lavender essential oil (350, 525 and 700 ppm). Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded at the end of starter, grower and finisher periods. On d 28, blood samples were gathered from wing vein of 1 chick in each experimental unit. Blood samples were centrifuged (15 min, 3000 rpm) to separate sera, and then cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL were determined. Then one chick from each pen was killed by ketamine injection and ileal digesta was collected.
Results and Discussion At 42 days of age, Chickens receiving diet containing virginiamycin showed the highest feed intake. Birds fed diets containing 525 and 700 ppm lavender essential oil numerically had more feed intake than birds fed control diet, but this difference was not significant. Broilers fed diet containing virginiamycin showed the highest weight gain and the control diet showed lowest weight gain at the end of the experiment. The lowest level of serum cholesterol was observed in 350 ppm lavender essential oil treatment. Essential oil treatments also caused lower serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) than virginiamycin and control treatments. There were no significant differences among treatments for feed conversion ratio, blood triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and ileal digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, crud protein, ash and organic matter of diets. Positive effects of essential oils on feed intake have been reported previously. Improved growth performance could be attributed to the presence of essential oil in the diet, which encourages secretions of endogenous digestive enzymes, which then enhance nutrient digestion and gut passage rate in chickens. It seems that phytogenic feed additives improved apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients at 21, 35, and 42 d of age. In contrast, there are studies where the effects on animal performance were not significant. However, in our experiment lavender essential oil caused a numerical increase in digestibility and its effect was not significant, but the improved weight gain in this experiment may be due to lavender essential oil effect on villus surface area and gut microflora. Also dietary supplementation of a mix of essential oils at 300 g/t, significantly increased villus width and surface area, indicative of improved nutrient absorption and performance. The effects of lavender essential oil on the intestinal microflora were not evaluated in this study; however, others have shown that essential oil have the capacity, when fed to broilers, to reduce the growth of E. coli and C. perfringens and increase the numbers of Lactobacillus spp. Similarly, the inclusion of thyme, marjoram, and rosemary in broiler diets reduced the numbers of cecal C. perfringens by >1 log. The contributory factors causing these differences reported in other studies could be attributed to the differences in the inclusion levels of essential oil, sources of herbs used to form blend of essential oil, basal diet composition, or the microbial environment in which the birds were reared. It has been suggested that birds fed essential oil have reduced concentrations of serum cholesterol and that the hypocholesterolemic effect of essential oil is due to compounds in essential oil that have the ability to inhibit hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity, a key regulatory enzyme in cholesterolsynthesis.
Conclusion According to the results of this experiment, lavender essential oil had lower effects on performance than antibiotic, but adding lavender to diets could have beneficial effects on weight gain and serum cholesterol levels in broiler chickens. However, more evidence is needed to clarify whether lavender essential oil can match the effects of antibiotics as feed additives in poultry diets.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blood parameters
  • Broilers
  • digestibility
  • Lavender
  • Performance

مراجع

1- Alçiçek, A., M. Bozkurt, and M. Çabuk. 2003. The effect of essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in Turkey on broiler performance. South African Journal of Animal Science, 33: 89-94.
2- Amad, A. A., K. Manner., K. R. Wendler., K. Neumann, and J. Zentek. 2011. Effects of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 90: 2811–2816.
3- AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis.15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
4- Arbabian, H., A. Tahmasbi., R. Vakili, and S. Zakkizadeh. 2012. Effect of hot pepper powder on performance and blood parameters of broiler chicks. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 3(4): 393-405. (In Persian).
5- Ather, M. A. M. 2000. Polyherbal additive proves effective against vertical transmission of IBD. World's Poultry Science Journal, 16: 50-52.
6- Aviagen. 2007. Nutrition Specification for Ross 308. Aviagen Limited, Newbridge, Scotland.
7- Barbour, E. K., V. Sagherian., S. Talhouk., R. Talhouk., M. T. Farran., F. T.Sleiman, and S. Harakeh. 2004. Evaluation of homeopathy in broiler chickens exposed to live viral vaccines and administered extract. Medical Science Monitor, 10: 281-285.
8- Botsoglou, N.A., E. Christaki., P. Florou-Paneri., I. Giannenas., G. Papageorgiou, and A. B. Spais. 2004. The effect of a mixture of herbal essential oils or a-tocopheryl acetate on performance parameters and oxidation of body lipid in broilers. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34: 52-61.
9- Cabuk, M., A. Alcicek., M. Bozkurt., and N. Imre. 2003. Antimicrobial properties of the essential oils isolated from aromatic plants and using possibility as alternative feed additives. Pages 181-187 in II. National Animal Nutrition Congress. Konya, Turkey.
10- Case, G. L., L. He., H. Mo, and C. E. Elson. 1995. Induction of geranyl pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity by cholesterol-suppressive isoprenoids. Lipids, 30: 357–359.
11- Castillo, M., S. M. Martin-Orúe., M. Roca., E. G. Manzanilla., I. Badiola., J. F. Perez, and J. Gasa. 2006. The response of gastrointestinal microbiota to avilamycin, butyrate, and plant extracts in early-weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 84: 2725–2734.
12- Cavanagh, H. M. A, and J. M. Wilkinson. 2002. Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16: 301–308.
13- Cervantes, H., K. Bafundo., P. Ewing., G. Pesti, and R. Bakalli. 2002. Dietary supplementation with virginiamycin or phytase improves phosphorus utilization in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 81(1): 150-158.
14- Cho, S. Y., H. J. Jun., J. H. Lee., Y. Jia., K. H. Kim, and S. J. Lee. 2011. Linalool reduces the expression of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase via sterol regulatory element binding protein-2-and ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms. Federation of European Biochemical Societies Letters, 585: 3289-3296.
15- Choct, M. 2009.Managing gut health through nutrition. British Poultry Science, 50: 9–15.
16- Cravens, R. L., R. Goss., F. Chi., E. D. De Boer., S. W. Davis., S. M. Hendrix., J. A. Richardson, and S. L. Johnston. 2013. The effects of necrotic enteritis, aflatoxin B1, and virginiamycin on growth performance, necrotic enteritis lesion scores, and mortality in young broilers. Poultry Science, 92: 1997–2004.
17- Cross, D. E., R. M. McDevitt., K. Hillman, and T. Acamovic. 2007. The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. British Poultry Science, 48: 496-506.
18- Denli, M., F. Okan, and A. M. Uluocak. 2004. Effect of dietary supplementation of herb essential oils on the growth performance carcass and intestinal characteristics of quail (Coturnixcoturnix japonica). South African Journal of Animal Science, 34: 174-179.
19- Dong, X. F., W. W. Gao., J. M. Tong., H. Q. Jia., R. N. Sa, and Q. Zhang. 2007. Effect of polysavone (alfalfa extract) on abdominal fat deposition and immunity in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 86: 1955-1959.
20- Dorman, H. J. D. and S. G. Deans. 2000. Antimicrobial agent from plants: antimicrobial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88: 308-316.
21- Elson, C. E. 1995. Suppression of mevalonate pathway activities by dietary isoprenoids: protective roles in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Journal of Nutrition, 125: 1666-1672.
22- European Probiotic Association. 2012. Five years without antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the Eu livestock production. Accessed Mar. 11, 2013. http://asso-epa.com/five-years-without-antibiotic-growth-promoters-agp-in-the-eu-livestock-production/.
23- Fenton, T. W, and M. Fenton. 1979. An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in feed and feces. Can. Journal of Animal Science, 59: 631–634.
24- Gattefosse, R. M. 1937. Gattefosse's Aromatherapy. 1st ed. Saffron Walden Press, England.
25- Geyra, A., Z. uni, and D. Sklan. 2001. Enterocyte dynamics and mucosal development in posthatch chick. Poultry Science, 80: 776–782.
26- Giannenas, I., P. Florou-Panceri., M. Papazahariadou., E. Christaki., N. A. Botsoglou, and A. B. Spais. 2003. Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeriatenella. Archive fur Tierenahr, 57: 99-106.
27- Grieve, M. and C. F. Leyel. 1931. A Modern Herbal: The Medicinal, Culinary, Cosmetic and Economic Properties, Cultivation and Folk-lore of Herbs, Grasses, Fungi, Shrubs, & Trees with all their Modern Scientific Uses. Harcourt, Brace and Co., New York, USA.
28- Hammer, K., C. Carson, and T. Riley. 1999. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86: 985-990.
29- Hassan, M. S. H., M. H. El Sanhoury, W. A. H. Ali and A. M. H. Ahmed. 2011. Effect of using eucalyptus leaves as natural additives on productive, physiological, immunological and histological performance of laying Japanese quali. Egypt. Poultry Science, 31: 305-329.
30- Hernandez, F., J. Madrid., V. Garcia., J. Orengo, and M. D. Megias. 2004. Influence of two plant extract on broiler performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poultry Science, 83: 169-174.
31- Hertrampt, J. W. 2001. Alternative antibacterial performance promoters. Poultry International, 40: 50-52.
32- Jamroz, D., I. Orda., C. Kamel., A. Wiliczkiewicz., T. Wertelecki, and I. Skorupinska. 2003. The influence of phytogenic extracts on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbial status in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 12: 583–596.
33- Jamroz, D., T. Wertelecki., M. Houszka, and C. Kamel. 2006. Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 90: 255–268.
34- Khattak, F., A. Ronchi., P. Castelli, and N. Sparks. 2014. Effects of natural blend of essential oil on growth performance, blood biochemistry, cecal morphology, and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 93: 132-137.
35- Langhout, P., 2000. New additives for broiler chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal, 16: 22-27.
36- Lee, K. W., H. Everts., H. J. Kappert., M. Frehner., R. Losa, and A. C. Beynen. 2003. Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 44: 450–457.
37- Lee, K. W., H. Everts., H. J. Kappert, and A. C. Beynen. 2004. Growth performance of broiler chickens fed a carboxymethyl cellulose containing diet with supplemental carvacrol and/or cinnamaldehyde. International Journal of Poultry Science, 3: 619–622.
38- Lis-Balchin, M., S. G. Deans, and E. Eaglesham. 1998. Relationship between bioactivity and chemical composition of commercial essential oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 13: 98-104.
39- Losa, R, and B. Kohler. 2001. Prevention of colonisation of Clostridium perfringens in broiler intestine by essential oils. Pages 133–134 in Proc. 13th Europian Symposium. Poultry Nutrition, Blankenberge, Belgium.
40- Mathlouthi, N., T. Bouzaienne., I. Oueslati., F. Recoquillay., M. Hamdi., M. Urdaci, and R. Bergaoui. 2012. Use of rosemary, oregano, and a commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens: In vitro antimicrobial activities and effects on growth performance. Journal of Animal Science, 90: 813–823.
41- Mosaddegh, R., S. Salari., M. Sari., T. Mohammadabadi, and M. Taghizadeh. 2013. Comparison between Effects of Addition of Salvia mirzayanii Essence with Virginiamycin on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Factors and some Immune Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 5(1): 20-28. (In Persian).
42- Naidoo, V., L. J. McGaw., S. P. R. Bisschop., N. Duncan, and J. N. Eloff. 2008. The value of plant extracts with antioxidant activity in attenuating coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Veterinary Parasitology, 153: 214-219.
43- Nassiri Moghaddam, H., A. Hassanabadi, and N. Bidar. 2012. The effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil on performance and blood metabolites of broiler chicks. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 4(2): 115-121. (In Persian).
44- O’Connor-Dennie, T, and L. L. Southern. 2005. The effect of virginiamycin in diets with adequate or reduced dietary calcium or nonphytate phosphorus for broilers. Poultry Science, 84: 1868–1874.
45- Perrucci, S. 1995. Acaricidal activity of some essential oils and their constituents against Tyrophaguslongior, a mite of stored food. Journal of Food Protection, 58: 560-563.
46- Platel, K, and K. Srinivasan. 2000. Influence of dietary spices and their active principles on pancreatic digestive enzymesin albino rats. Nahrung, 44: 42–46.
47- Platel, K, and K. Srinivasan. 2001. Studies on the influence of dietary spices on food transit time in experimental rats. Nutrition Research, 21: 1309–1314.
48- Platel, K, and K. Srinivasan. 2003. Stimulatory influence of select spices on bile secretion in rats. Nutrition Research, 20: 1493–1503.
49- Platel, K, and K. Srinivasan. 2004. Digestive stimulant action spices: A myth or reality? Medical Research, 119: 167–179.
50- Santos, F. A, and V. S. N. Rao. 2001. 1, 8-cineol, a food flavoring agent, prevents ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Digestive Diseases and Science, 46: 331-337.
51- SAS Institute. 2004. SAS User’s Guide. Version 9.1.4th ed. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
52- Scott, T. A, and J. W. Hall. 1998. Using acid insoluble ash marker ratios (diet: digesta) to predict digestibility of wheat and barley metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention in broiler chicks. Journal of Poultry Science, 77(5): 674-679.
53- Senanayake, G. V., M. Maruyama., M. Sakono., N. Fukuda., T. Morishita., C. Yukizaki., M. Kawano, and H. Ohta. 2004. The effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extracts on serum and liver lipid parameters in hamsters fed cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 50: 4253-4257.
54- Shen, J., A. Niijima, M. Tanida, Y. Horii, K. Maeda and K. Nagai. 2005. Olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic nerves, lipolysis and appetite in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 383: 188-193.
55- Sonboli, A., B. Babakhani, and A. R. Mehrabian. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of six constituents of essential oil from Salvia. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 61: 160-164.
56- Suanarunsawat T., W. D. Ayutthaya, T. Songsak, S. Thirawarapan, S. Poungshompoo. 2010. Antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering effect of essential oils extracted from Ocimum sanctum L. leavesin rats fed with a high cholesterol diet. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 46: 52-59.
57- Tiihonen, K., H. Kettunen., M. H. L. Bento., M. Saarinen., S. Lahtinen., A. C. Ouwehand., H. Schulze, and N. Rautonen. 2010. The effect of feeding essential oils on broiler performance and gut microbiota. British Poultry Science, 51: 381-392.
58- Tucker, L. A. 2002. Maintaining poultry performance in antibiotic free diets supplementation with commercial botanical feed ingredients. Pages 227–230 in Proc. 7th WPSA Asian Pacific Federation Conference, Gold Coast, Australia.
59- Vichi, S., K. Zitterl-Eglseer., M. Jugi, and C. Fraz. 2001. Determination of the presence of antioxidants deriving from sage and oregano extracts added to animal fat by means of assessment of the radical scavenging capacity by photochemiluminescence analysis. Nahrung, 45: 101–104.
60- Vogt, H. 1991. Essential oils in broiler diets. Landbauforshung Volkenrode, 4: 94-97.
61- Waibel, P. E., J. C. Halvorson., S. L. Noll., S. L. Hoffbeck, and H. Daniels. 1991. Influence of virginiamycin on growth and efficiency of Large White turkeys. Poultry Science, 70: 837–847.
62- Wallace, R. J., W. Oleszek., C. Franz., I. Hahn., K. H. C. Baser., A. Mathe, and K. Teichmann. 2010. Dietary plant bioactives for poultry health and productivity. British Poultry Science, 51: 461– 487.
63- Williams, P. and R. Losa. 2001. The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition. World's Poultry Science Journal, 17: 14-15.
64- Windisch, W., K. Schedle., C. Plitzner, and A. Kroismayr. 2008. Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Science, 86: 140–148.
65- Yang, S. A., S. K. Jeon., E. J. Lee., C. H. Shim, and I. S. Lee. 2010. Comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of six essential oils and their components. Natural Product Research, 24: 140-151.
66- Yu, S. G., N. M. Abuirmeileh., A. A. Qureshi, and C. E. Elson. 1994. Dietary β-ionone suppresses hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 42: 1493–1496.
67- Zhou, J. Y., X. F. Wang., J. Y. Z. Fadi Tang., G. H. Lu., Y. Wang, and R. L. Bian. 2007. Inhibitory effect of 1, 8-cineol (eucalyptol) on Egr-1 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 28: 908-912.
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 آبان 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 آبان 1393
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 مهر 1396

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار