اثر جاذب کننده‌های مختلف رطوبت بر کیفیت تخمیر سیلاژ حاوی تفاله ی مرطوب سیب‌زمینی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی - تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان، همدان، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی برون تنی اثر 7 نوع جاذب الرطوبه‌ی مختلف بر کیفیت تخمیر سیلاژ حاوی تفاله‌ی سیب‌زمینی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی بود. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: 100% تفاله سیب‌زمینی (شاهد)، 80% تفاله سیب‌زمینی و 20% سبوس، 80% تفاله سیب‌زمینی و 20% پسماند دم کشمش، 71% تفاله سیب‌زمینی و 29% کشمش وازده، 80% تفاله سیب‌زمینی و 20% تفاله انار، 80% تفاله سیب‌زمینی و 20% کاه گندم و 80% تفاله سیب‌زمینی و 20% چوب خوشه انگور. سیلوها پس از 74 روز جهت انجام آزمایش‌ها، باز شدند. افزودن جاذب الرطوبه به سیلاژ تفاله سیب‌زمینی به صورت معنی‌داری باعث افزایش ماده خشک، محتوای دیواره سلولی، ماده آلی، نقطه فلیگ و کاهش pH، پروتئین خام، کربوهیدرات محلول و ازت آمونیاکی شد. افزودن جاذب الرطوبه‌های مختلف مقدار تولید گاز طی 24 ساعت انکوباسیون و پتانسیل تولید گاز و قابلیت هضم را کاهش و سرعت تخمیر و تولید گاز را افزایش داد. نتایج نشان دادند که استفاده از جاذب های کشمش وازده، تفاله انار، دم کشمش و چوب خوشه انگور به ترتیب می تواند منجر به افزایش کیفیت سیلاژ حاوی تفاله سیب زمینی گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Moisture Absorbents on Silage Fermentation Quality of Wet Potato Pulp

نویسندگان [English]

  • Daryoush Alipour 1
  • daryush alipour 1
  • mahdi mahmoodi abyane 2
1 Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Boali Sina University, Hamedan, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction Using agricultural-industrial waste is one way to overcome the shortage of animal feed. Potato is one of the most important products in the world after rice, wheat and maize. Potato pulp is a by-product which remains after extraction of starch, and can be used as animal feed. Because of the high moisture content of the potato pulp, silage is the best way to maintain it. However, its high moisture content leads to inappropriate ensilage. Adding of moisture absorbents (MA) not only reduce the effluents, but also improve the silage quality. Materials with high content of cell wall are suitable candidates to be used as MA. Agro-industrial co-products including raisin wastes and pomegranate seed pulp have high cell wall and no report was found for their usage as MA. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different absorbents on potato pulp silage fermentation quality.
Materials and Methods Fresh potato pulp was obtained from Alvand potato processing company (Hamedan, Iran). After transfer, the potato pulps were immediately ensiled with MAs including wheat bran, raisin pedicles, rejected raisins, pomegranate peel, wheat straw and raisin rachis. The treatments were: 100% potato pulp (control), 80% potato pulp and 20% wheat bran, 80% potato pulp and 20% raisin pedicles, 71% potato pulp and 29% rejected raisin, 80% potato pulp and 20% pomegranate peel, 80% potato pulp and 20% wheat straw and 80% potato pulp and 20% rachis. After 74 days, the silos were opened for investigation. Chemical composition (i.e., dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, Fleig point, pH and lactic acid concentration) were determined. In vitro gas production was used to assess fermentation parameters of treatments. Therefore, volume of gas production after 24 hours of incubation, rate of gas production, asymptotic gas production, lag phase, organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, microbial biomass and short chain fatty acid concentration were determined. All measurements were carried out with four replications. Statistical analysis was carried out in completely randomized design using SAS (version 9.2).
Results and Discussion Results showed that the addition of absorbent to potato pulp silage significantly (P˂0.05) increased dry matter, content of the cell wall, organic matter and Fleig point in some treatments. Fleig point is an indicator of silage quality. The treatment including rejected raisin showed the highest value of Fleig point (139.8 vs. 55.53 for control). The lowest ammonia concentrations were detected in treatments containing rachis, pedicles and pomegranate peels which can be attributed to the presence of tannin in these absorbents. Tannins reduce the proteolysis that lowers the ammonia concentration. The concentrations of lactic acid were higher in rejected raisin (3.734 g lactic acid/ kg DM) and pomegranate seed pulp (3.612 g lactic acid/kg DM) and the minimum value was observed in control (0.471 g lactic acid/ kg DM). The higher concentration of lactic acid shows the better quality of silage and among other fatty acids has the greater effect on pH of silage. Addition of different absorbents reduced true organic matter digestibility. Apparent organic matter digestibly was not consistent with reported value for true organic matter digestibility. This could be due to the method of measuring of former. In this method the residue is contaminated with microbial debris which overestimates the organic matter digestibility. After 144 hours of incubation gas production was reduced in treatments with absorbents. Rate of gas production in silage with rejected raisin was significantly (P˂0.05) higher than other treatments. Lag time observed only in control and wheat bran treatments, whereas the lag time in other treatment was zero. Partitioning factor in raisin pedicles, pomegranate peel and raisin rachis was higher than other treatments (3.05, 3.35 and 3.01). The higher value of partitioning factor shows the better quality of feedstuff and reveals that more fermented organic matter directed towards microbial biomass rather than production of volatile fatty acids.
Conclusion Because of high moisture content of potato pulp, it is suggested to ensiling this by-product for using as ruminant feedstuff. In this study, rejected raisin was the best moisture absorbent. The results showed that treatments containing rejected raisin, pomegranate peel, pedicles and rachis were suitable absorbent in ensilage process because of lower pH, higher lactic acid production and better quality of silage, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Absorbent
  • Quality
  • Potato pulp
  • Silage
1- AOAC International. 2012. Official Methods of Analysis. 19th ed. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD.
2- Balabanli, C., Albayrak, S., Turk, M. and Yuksel, O. 2010. A research on determination of hay yields and silage qualities of some vetch + cereal mixtures. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 15(2): 204-209.
3- Blummel, M., A. Schroder, K. H. Sudekum, and K. Becker.1999. Estimating ruminal microbial efficiencies in silage‐fed cattle: comparison of an in vitro method with a combination of in situ and in vivo measurements. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 81(2): 57-67.
4- Blummel, M., H. P. S. Makkar, and K. Becker. 1997. In vitro gas production: A technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,77: 24-34.
5- David, L., L. Fingenchou, and J. P. Marais. 1990. Spectrophotometric method for the determination of micro quantities of lactic acid in biological material. Analytical Biochemistry, 195: 308-312.
6- Dehority, B.A. 2003. Rumen Microbiology. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.
7- Denek, N. and A. Can. Feeding value of wet tomato pomace ensiled with wheat straw and wheat grain for Awassi sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 2006, 65(3): 260-265.‏
8- Dickey, H.C., H.A. Leonard, S.D. Musgrave and P. S. Young. 1971. Nutritive characteristics of dried potato by product meal for ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science, 54: 876- 879.
9- Faitfull, N. T. 2002. Method in agricultural Chemical Analysis: a Practical Handbook. CAB International. pp: 304.
10- FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Website: http://www.faostat.fao.org
11- France, J., J. Dijkstra, M. S. Dhanoa, S. Lopez, and A. Bannink. 2000. Estimating the extent of degradation of ruminant feeds from a description of their gas production profile observed in vitro: derivation of models and other mathematical considerations. British Journal of Nutrition, 83:143-50.
12- Getachew, G., H.P.S. Makkar and K. Becker, 2000. Stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acid and in vitro gas production in presence and absence of polyethylene glycol
for tannin containing browses, EAAP Satelite Symposium, Gas production: Fermentation kinetics for feed evaluation and to assess microbial activity, 18-19.
13- Groot, J.C.J., J.W. Cone., B.A. Williams and E.A. Lantinga, 1996. Multiphasic analysis of gas production kinetics for in vitro fermentation of in vitro fermentation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 64:77–89.
14- Jalc, D. and A. Laukova. 2001. Effect of nisin and monensin on rumen fermentation in the artificial rumen. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 115(1-2): 6-10.‏
15- Kaiser, A.G., J.W. Pilitz. H.M. Bums and N.W. Griffiths. 2004. Successful silage. Second edition. ISBN: 0734715835.
16- Keskun, B and U.H. Yilmaz. 2005. Effects of urea or urea plus molasses supplementation to silages with different sorghum Varieties harvested at the quality and In vitro dry matter digestibility of silages. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal science, 29: 1143-1147.
17- Khorvash, M., D. Colombatto, K.A. Beauchemin, G.R. Ghorbani and A. Samei, 2006. Use of absorbants and inoculants to enhance the quality of corn silage. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 86: 97- 107.
18- Lisitra, G., T.M. Hernandes and P.J. Van soest. 1996. Standardization of procedure for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57: 347-358.
19- Mayer, F. and J. O. Hilleberand. 1997. Potato pulp: microbiological characterization, physical modification and application of this agricultural waste product. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 48: 435- 440.
20- Menke, K.H. and H. Steingass. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analyses and gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28: 7-55.
21- Menke, K.H., and H. Steingass. 1979. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28: 7-55.
22- Okine, A., M. Hanada, Y. Aibibula and M. Okamoto, 2005. Ensiling of potato pulp with or without bacterial inoculants and its effect on fermentation quality, nutrient composition and nutritive value. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 121: 329-343.
23- Ozkul, H., Kilic, A., Polat, M. 2011. Evaluation of mixtures of certain market wastes as silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 24(9): 1243-1248.‏
24- Patra, A K., and J. Saxena. 2011. Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(1): 14-37.
25- Pettersson, K. and S. Lindgren. 1989. The influence of the carbohydrate fraction and additives on silage quality. Grass Forage Science, 45:223.
26- Seglar, B. 2003. Fermentation Analysis and Silage Quality Testing. Global Agronomy and Nutritional Science.
27- Sugimoto, M., W. Saito, M. Ool, Y. Sato and T. Saito, 2009. The effects of inclusion levers urea-treated potato pulp silage in concentrate and roughage sources on finishing performance and carcass quality in cull beef cows beef cows. Journal of Animal Science, 80: 280- 285.
28- Thompson, M.D., H.J. Thompson, J.N. McGinley, E.S. Neil, D.K. Rush, D.G. Holm, and C. Stushnoff. 2009. Functional food characteristics of potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum): phytochemical composition and inhibition of meyyl-l-nirosourea induced breast cancer in rate. Journal of Food Composition an Analysis, 22: 571- 576.
29- Vercoe, P.E., H.P.S. Makkar, and A.C. Schlink. 2010. In vitro Screening of Plant Resources for Extra-Nutritional Attributes in Ruminants: Nuclear and Related Methodologies. IAEA, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, Pp: 107–144.
30- Wischer, G., J. Boguhn, H. Steingaß, M. Schollenberger, K, Hartung and Rodehutscord. 2013. Effect of monensin on in vitro fermentation of silages and microbial protein synthesis. Archives of animal nutrition, 67(3): 219-234.‏
31- Yahaya, M.S., M. Kawai, J. Takashashi, S. Matsuoka, M. Goto, and S. Karita. 2003. Effect of prolonging the time prioer to filling into the silo on degradation and digestibility of structural carbohydrates of orchard grass. Journal of Animal and veterinary Advances, 2(3): 133-137.
32- Zhang, W. W., Y. G. Zhang and Z. Liu, 2012. Effect of different absorbents on fermentation quality of wet potato pulp. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 22: 4230- 4235.
CAPTCHA Image