مقایسه اثر پودر و عصاره هیدروالکلی مرزنجوش با ویرجینامایسین بر عملکرد، متابولیتهای خونی، جمعیت میکروبی ایلئوم، مرفولوژی ژژونوم و کیفیت گوشت جوجه های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی- تغذیه طیور

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 بخش علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، شهر کرمان، کشور ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تاثیر استفاده از پودر و عصاره هیدروالکلی مرزنجوش در مقایسه با آنتی‌بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین برعملکرد، فراسنجه‌های خونی، وزن نسبی ارگان‌های داخلی، فلور میکربی روده، مورفولوژی پرزهای روده و کیفیت گوشت در جوجه‌های گوشتی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 8 تیمار، 3 تکرار و 12 جوجه در هر تکرار به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیره شاهد (فاقد هرگونه افزودنی)، آنتی‌بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین (100 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم)، پودر برگ مرزنجوش (1 ،2 و 3 درصد) و عصاره مرزنجوش (150، 250 و350 میلی‌گرم در کیلو گرم) بودند. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، در یک تا 10 روزگی پرندگان تغذیه شده با آنتی‌بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین مصرف خوراک بیشتری نسبت سایر گروه‌ها داشتند. در 11 تا 24 روزگی نیز مصرف خوراک گروه آنتی‌بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین بیشتر از گروه 2 و3 درصد پودر مرزنجوش و 350 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره مرزنجوش بود. کمترین مصرف خوراک در تمام بازه‌های زمانی در تیمار غذایی حاوی 3 درصد پودر مرزنجوش مشاهده شد. در کل دوره پرورش، خوراک مصرفی تحت تاثیر تیمار‌های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت اما استفاده از 3 درصد پودر مرزنجوش نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها افزایش وزن کمتری نشان داد و بیشترین اضافه وزن در تیمار حاوی آنتی‌بیوتیک و 350 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره مشاهده گردید. همچنین در کل دوره، گروه‌های شاهد و 3 درصد پودر مرزنجوش در مقایسه با سایر گروه‌ها ضریب تبدیل غذایی بالاتری را نشان دادند. تیمار‌ها تاثیر معنی داری بر فراسنجه‌های خونی و وزن نسبی اجزای لاشه نداشت. تیمار‌های 1 و 2 درصد پودر و 350 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره مرزنجوش جمعیت باکتری‌های کلی‌فرم را نسبت به شاهد کاهش دادند. افزودن 150 میلی‌گرم در کیلو‌گرم عصاره مرزنجوش طول پرز را به طور معنی داری نسبت به تیمار شاهد و آنتی‌بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین افزایش داد. افزودن 1 و 2 درصد پودر مرزنجوش و سطوح مختلف عصاره مرزنجوش میزان TBA را به طور معنی‌داری کاهش داد. در مجموع به نظر می رسد می توان از گیاه دارویی مرزنجوش (به خصوص سطح 350 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره) به عنوان جایگزینی برای آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های محرک رشد به خوبی بهره جست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Powder and Hydroalcoholic Extract of Origanum vulgare and Virginiamycin on Performance, Blood Metabolites, Ileal Microflora, Jejunal Morphology and Meat Quality of Broilers

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohamad Reza Gangeh 1
  • Mohammad salarmoini 2
1 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
2 Department of Animal Science. College of Agriculture. Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman. Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction Antibiotic feed additives have long been used as growth promoters in poultry nutrition. However, concern has been expressed about the potential development of antibiotic resistant bacteria (25). Consequently, the animal feed industry, exposed to increasing consumer pressure to reduce the use of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry diets, has to find alternative feed additives. Marjoram (Origonum vulgar) is a very popular and a common medicinal plant. The main chemical components of marjoram oil are carvacrol, thymol, myrsene, p-cymene, terpinene and pinene (29). The plant is reported to possess antibacterial and antioxidant activities (2, 36).
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of adding different levels of marjoram leaves (powder and hydroalcoholic extract) into broiler diets on growth performance, blood metabolites, relative weight of internal organs, ileal microflora, jejunal histomorphology and meat quality of broiler chicks.
Materials and methods Two hundred and eighty eight one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks (male) were obtained from a commercial local source and used in this study. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments, 3 replicates and 12 birds in each replicate. Experimental treatments consisted of control diet (without any additives), antibiotic virginiamycin (100 mg/kg), Origanum vulgare leaves powder (1, 2 and 3%) and Origanum vulgare extract (150, 250 and 350 mg/kg). The experimental period lasted up to the 42 d of age. The rearing and management conditions were equal for all groups. Experimental diets were formulated to meet the nutrients requirements of the Ross broiler chicks (3). Chicks had full access to feed and water during the experimental period. Live body weight and feed intake were recorded at 10, 24 and 42 d of age for each replicate. At the end of the experiment, the blood samples (from one chick per replicate) were collected to determine hematological parameters, then the chicks were slaughtered and ileum contents were removed for bacterial counts and also jejunum were immediately removed for histological studies.
Results and Discussion Based on the results, in 1-10 d period, supplementing the broiler diet with virginiamycin increased significantly feed intake (P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler
  • Meat quality
  • Origanum vulgare
  • Performance
  • Virginiamycin

مراجع

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پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران
دوره 8، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 25
فروردین 1395
صفحه 108-121

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 31 مرداد 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 31 مرداد 1393
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 فروردین 1395

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