اثر جایگزینی پودر ماهی با کنجاله تخمیری کنجد در جیره بر عملکرد رشد و شاخصهای بیوشیمیایی و ایمنی خون ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

علی عبود ¹

رضا ولی زاده ¹

امید صفری ²

¹ گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

² گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

10.22067/ijasr.2024.87330.1195

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر جایگزینی مقادیر مختلف کنجاله تخمیری کنجد با پودر ماهی در جیره غذایی به نسبت 10، 20، 30، 50 و 100 درصد بر عملکرد رشد، شاخص­های بیوشیمی خون و ایمنی ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان با میانگین وزن اولیه 06/0 ± 30/2 گرم انجام شد. ماهیان پس از 63 روز تغذیه با جیره حاوی 50 درصد پودر ماهی جایگزین شده با کنجاله تخمیری کنجد، بالاترین وزن نهایی (26/54 گرم)، نرخ رشد ویژه (95/4 درصد وزن بدن در روز)، نسبت کارآیی پروتئین (86/2)، ارزش تولیدی پروتئین (23/49) و بهترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی (11/1) را از خود نشان دادند. با افزایش جایگزینی کنجاله تخمیری کنجد از 10 به 100 درصد، فعالیت ایمونوگلوبولین تام و آنزیم لیزوزیم در ماهیان روند افزایشی نشان داد. کمترین غلظت کلسترول تام و لیپوپروتئین با چگالی کم و تری گلیسیرید در پلاسمای ماهیان تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی 100 درصد پودر ماهی جایگزین شده با کنجاله تخمیری کنجد به‌دست آمد. براساس مدل رگرسیون خط شکسته، سطح بهینه جایگزینی پودر ماهی جیره (درصد) با کنجاله تخمیری کنجد برای رسیدن به حداکثر رشد، وزن نهایی و بهترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی در ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان به‌ترتیب 64/66 ، 78/72 و 84/71 درصد برآورد شد. به‌طور کلی، براساس نتایج، این آزمایش می‌توان از کنجاله تخمیری کنجد در سطح 50 درصد به‌عنوان جایگزین پودر ماهی در جیره غذایی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان بدون اثرات منفی بر عملکرد رشد، شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی خون و فعالیت آنزیم­های گوارشی استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ضریب تبدیل غذایی

فراسنجه‌های خون

کارآیی تغذیه

کنجاله کنجد فرآوری شده

ماهی قزل‌آلا

موضوعات

• نغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

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عنوان مقاله English

Effect of Fish Meal Replacement by Fermented Sesame Meal in the Diet on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical and Immunity Indices of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

نویسندگان English

Ali Aboud ¹

Reza Valizadeh ¹

Omid Safari ²

¹ Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

² Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده English

Introduction: Aquaculture is currently considered as one of the fastest-growing global fish industry. However, this sector is facing with fishmeal shortage as the main source of protein in their diets. Therefore, considerable studies have been carried out to find other protein sources instead fishmeal for aquaculture feeding. Protein sources such as vegetable by-products (oil seed meals), animal by-products, biodegradable organic wastes, fermented organic wastes (Ayan, 2018), and insect meal (Gasco et al., 2021; Zarantoniello et al., 2021) have been used in aquatic nutrition. Oilseed by-products such as fermented sesame meal are considered as the best alternative protein sources instead fishmeal. In the sesame oil industry, oil extraction is done either using organic solvents or by mechanical pressing and the by-products is known as sesame meal. Oil extraction leads to an increase of protein content of sesame seed meal (Onsaard et al., 2010) which can be used as a protein source in nutrition of fish culture industry (Onsaard, 2012). Sesame seed meal has been represented as a protein source in aqua feeds replacing soybean meal for reducing the feed costs (Tacon, 1993). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fishmeal substitution levels with fermented sesame seed meal on growth performance, blood biochemical indices, and digestive enzymes activities of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Materials and Methods: This study was run at one of the rainbow trout production farms in Ortekand, Kalat of Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Three hundred sixty rainbow trout fingerlings (≈ 2.30g) were stocked in the 18 tanks for 63 days. Water physicochemical parameters of rearing unit were measured weekly. Diets were formulated according to NRC standards by the using of UFFDA software. Sesame seed meal was fermented (FSM) by the Neurospora intermedia fungus with inoculation level of 10⁶ CFU g^-1. For sampling and analysis, three fish were chosen randomly from each tank and their plasma samples were preserved at -80°C for next steps. Data analysis was performed using of SPSS version 22, using ANOVA test and mean comparisons was conducted by Duncan’s multiple range. The Broken line regression was done for further analysis. Blood biochemistry was measured by the usage of common kits (Zist Azma Chemical Co.) via ELISA method. Immune responses were measured according to methods described by Neissi et al. (2013). Chemical analysis was done according to protocols described in AOAC and glucosamine by methods described by Zheng and Shetty, 1998. Growth performance and nutritional efficiency indices calculated according to models were used in order to determine the optimum inclusion level of dietary FSM.
Results and Discussion: After 63 days of feeding trial, the highest values of final weight (54.26 g), specific growth rate (SGR; 4.95 % body weight day^-1), protein efficiency ratio (PER; 2.86), and protein productive value (PPV; 49.23%) and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1.11) were observed in the rainbow trout fed the diet containing 50% fishmeal substituted level with FSM (p<0.05). With an increment in the fishmeal substitution with FSM from 10 to 100%, the activities of total immunoglobulin, complement, and lysozyme showed increasing trends (p<0.05). The lowest contents of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride were measured in the plasma of fish fed the diet containing 100 % fishmeal substituted with FSM (p<0.05). Based on the broken line regression model, the dietary fishmeal substitution level (%) with FSM for maximum growth (SGR) and weight gain values and the best FCR value of rainbow trout were estimated to be 66.64%, 72.78%, and 71.84%, respectively. These results may be due to the effects of fermentation process on sesame meal and improvement in its palatability, increase of bioactive peptides contents, enhancing apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients, and reduction of anti-nutritional factors contents. The fermentation process enhanced nutritional and functional properties of original product. Also, the presence of sesamin, one of sesame lignan may has played a role in reducing plasma cholesterol and LDL levels. Furthermore, increase in bioactive peptides after fermentation could act as antimicrobial agents by stimulating or suppressing some immune responses or by interacting with microbial host invaders.
Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study indicated that replacing 50% of fermented sesame meal instead of fishmeal in the diet of rainbow trout fingerlings (≈ 2.30 g) lead to further improvement of growth performance indices and feeding efficiency such as final weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, and protein production value, etc. In the investigation of plamsa biochemical and immunity indices, in most cases the replacement level in the range of 50-100% has shown favorable results compared to that of fed the control diet. Finally, based on the obtained results, it is recommended to replace 50% of fishmeal with fermented sesame meal in the diet of this fish.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Blood parameters

Feed conversion ratio

Feed efficiency

Processed sesame meal

Rainbow trout

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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