اثر سطوح مختلف عصاره آبی و الکلی نسترن (Rosa canina) بر عملکرد، فرآسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی سرم، وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

اردشیر بخشی ¹

نظر افضلی ²

سیدمحمد حسینی ²

حسین نعیمی پور ²

فاطمه گنجی ³

¹ مرکز آموزش تحقیقات کشاورزی محمدیه، بیرجند، ایران

² گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

³ اداره بهسازی امور تولید، اداره کل امور عشایر، خراسان جنوبی، ایران

10.22067/ijasr.2026.96864.1283

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح عصاره آبی و الکلی میوه نسترن (Rosa canina) بر عملکرد، شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی خون و سامانه ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی سویه راس 308 انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هفت تیمار، چهار تکرار و 10 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار به مدت 42 روز اجرا گردید. جیره‏های آزمایشی شامل شاهد، سطوح 150، 300 و 450 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره آبی و الکلی میوه نسترن بود. افزودن عصاره‌های آبی و الکلی به جیره، به‌ویژه در سطح 300 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره آبی موجب بهبود معنی‌دار وزن بدن، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک جوجه‌های گوشتی در مقایسه با جیره شاهد شد. تیمارهای 300 و 450 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره آبی سبب کاهش معنی‌دار سطح کلسترول و تری‌گلیسرید سرم نسبت به گروه شاهد گردید. فعالیت آنزیم کبدی آلانین آمینوترانسفراز (ALT ) و سطح اسید اوریک سرم در تیمار 450 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره آبی به‌طور معنی‌داری کمتر از شاهد بود. علاوه‌بر این، غلظت آلبومین سرم در تیمار 450 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم عصاره الکلی کاهش معنی‌دار نشان داد. تیمارهای آزمایشی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر کاهش سطح مالون‌دی‌آلدئید (MDA) پلاسما در جوجه‌های گوشتی داشتند. میزان پادتن تام در گروه شاهد به‌طور معنی‌داری کمتر از تمام تیمارهای دریافت‌کننده عصاره بود. در مقابل، سطوح ایمنوگلوبولین M و ایمنوگلوبولین G تحت تأثیر معنی‌دار تیمارها قرار نگرفتند. در مجموع، سطوح 300 و 450 عصاره آبی و همچنین سطح 450 عصاره الکلی میوه نسترن موجب بهبود عملکرد، کیفیت لاشه، صفات بیوشیمیایی خون و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجه‌های گوشتی ‌شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ایمنی همورال

ضریب تبدیل خوراک

کلسترول

نسترن کوهی

موضوعات

• تغذیه طیور

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عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Different Levels of Rosa canina Aqueous and Alcoholic Extract on Performance, Antioxidant Status, Serum Biochemical Characteristics and Immune Response of Broiler Chicks

نویسندگان English

Ardshir Bakhshi ¹

Nazar Afzali ²

Seyed Mohammad Hosseini ²

Hossein Naeemipour ²

Fatemeh Ganji ³

¹ Mohammadieh Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Birjand, Iran

² Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

³ General Office of Tribal Affairs of South Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran

چکیده English

Introduction: The search for effective alternatives to in-feed growth-promoting antibiotics in broiler production has increasingly focused on natural bioactive compounds, including probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, essential oils, and plant-derived extracts. Rosa canina (rose hip), a perennial shrub of the Rosaceae family, is widely distributed in wild habitats such as forest margins, water sources, rocky dry areas, and scrublands. Its fruits are rich in flavonoids, essential oils, pectin, carotenoids, polyphenols, and vanillin. Recognized as a valuable medicinal plant, R. canina has been traditionally used in many countries for the treatment of various ailments, including kidney and urinary tract disorders, arthritis, gout, fever, colds, and vitamin C deficiency. The fruit, both with and without seeds, has been documented for its therapeutic properties. In European traditional medicine, its extracts are employed as diuretics and laxatives. Pharmacologically, R. canina exhibits multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Its vitamin C content ranges from 0.3% to 1.5%, depending on geographical and climatic conditions. Polyphenols, as major bioactive constituents, contribute to organoleptic properties and exert potent antioxidant effects, which are associated with the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. The total phenolic content of R. canina fruit has been reported at up to 98 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram, a remarkably high level compared to many commonly consumed fruits. Given these properties, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Rosa canina fruit (RCF) on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, and immune function in broiler chickens.
Materials and Methods: A total of 280 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks with an average initial body weight of 45 ± 5 g were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment consisted of four replicates with 10 chicks per replicate, ensuring uniform average pen body weights with no significant initial differences among groups. The experimental diets included a control (basal diet without supplementation) and basal diets supplemented with 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg of aqueous RCF extract, or 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg of alcoholic RCF extract. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were recorded throughout the rearing period (0–42 days). At the end of the experiment, two birds per replicate with body weights closest to the replicate mean were selected, weighed, and euthanized by cervical dislocation. After evisceration, the relative weights of carcass, breast, thighs, and wings were determined. Humoral immune response was assessed by measuring total anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody titers. Blood samples were collected at day 42 via jugular vein cutting for biochemical and antioxidant analyses.
Results and Discussion: At 42 days of age, birds fed the diet containing 450 mg/kg aqueous RCF extract exhibited the highest final body weight (2735 g), which was significantly greater than that of the control group (P < 0.05). During the grower phase, both aqueous and alcoholic extract supplementation significantly increased feed intake compared to the control (P < 0.05). Most experimental treatments showed a significantly lower feed conversion ratio relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The highest serum cholesterol concentration was observed in the control group, while the lowest levels were recorded in the 300 mg/kg aqueous and 300 mg/kg alcoholic extract treatments (P < 0.05). Serum uric acid levels were highest in the control group and lowest in the 450 mg/kg alcoholic extract group (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of both extracts generally reduced plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the control, with significant effects observed for all treatments except the 150 and 300 mg/kg aqueous extract groups (P < 0.05). The total anti-SRBC antibody response was significantly enhanced in birds receiving the 450 mg/kg alcoholic extract compared to the control (P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were detected in immunoglobulin M (IgM) or immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels among treatments.

Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that dietary supplementation with 300 and 450 mg/kg aqueous extract, as well as 450 mg/kg alcoholic extract of Rosa canina fruit, can effectively improve growth performance, carcass traits, serum biochemical profiles, and immune responses in broiler chickens. These results support the potential application of R. canina extracts as natural feed additives in poultry production.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cholesterol

Feed conversion ratio

Humoral immunity

Rosa canina

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

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