Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31065220130622The Use of Wheat Screenings with and without Enzyme Supplementation in the Grower Diets of Broiler ChickensThe Use of Wheat Screenings with and without Enzyme Supplementation in the Grower Diets of Broiler Chickens3285410.22067/ijasr.v5i2.28284FAMozhgan MazhariDepartment of Animal Science, Jiroft University, Jiroft, IranAbolghasem GolianDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-9419-1175Hasan KermanshahiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-6969-6286Journal Article20131117An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of wheat screenings with and without enzyme preparation on the performance, gastrointestinal parameters and gut viscosity and morphology of broiler chicks during grower period (11 to 24d). Five hundred day old male broiler chicks were fed a commercial diet till 10 d of age and then were randomly assigned to 10 diets. Diets were formulated to have five different levels (0, 9, 18, 27 and 36%) of wheat screenings with or without enzyme. Each diet fed to five groups of ten male birds. There was no significant difference in feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens fed diets with different levels of wheat screenings during 14 days of age. Body weight gain (BWG) was decreased significantly with increasing level of wheat screenings in diets. Enzyme supplementation significantly increased BWG and decreased FCR. Increasing wheat screenings level significantly decreased gastrointestinal tract weight including pancreas, gizzard, large intestine as well as liver. Enzyme supplementation significantly decreased weight of liver, proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, and large intestine. Villi height was decreased significantly by increasing wheat screenings level. Carcass weight was not affected by wheat screenings level and enzyme. Ileum and jujenum digesta viscosity increased by wheat screening level and decreased by enzyme supplementation. Increasing wheat screenings level increased villi width and decreased villi height and crypt depth. Enzyme supplementation increased villi height and crypt dept. Histological observations on jejunum of birds fed wheat screenings without enzyme showed shortening, thickening, and atrophy of the villi, all of which improved when enzyme was included in the diet.An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of wheat screenings with and without enzyme preparation on the performance, gastrointestinal parameters and gut viscosity and morphology of broiler chicks during grower period (11 to 24d). Five hundred day old male broiler chicks were fed a commercial diet till 10 d of age and then were randomly assigned to 10 diets. Diets were formulated to have five different levels (0, 9, 18, 27 and 36%) of wheat screenings with or without enzyme. Each diet fed to five groups of ten male birds. There was no significant difference in feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens fed diets with different levels of wheat screenings during 14 days of age. Body weight gain (BWG) was decreased significantly with increasing level of wheat screenings in diets. Enzyme supplementation significantly increased BWG and decreased FCR. Increasing wheat screenings level significantly decreased gastrointestinal tract weight including pancreas, gizzard, large intestine as well as liver. Enzyme supplementation significantly decreased weight of liver, proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, and large intestine. Villi height was decreased significantly by increasing wheat screenings level. Carcass weight was not affected by wheat screenings level and enzyme. Ileum and jujenum digesta viscosity increased by wheat screening level and decreased by enzyme supplementation. Increasing wheat screenings level increased villi width and decreased villi height and crypt depth. Enzyme supplementation increased villi height and crypt dept. Histological observations on jejunum of birds fed wheat screenings without enzyme showed shortening, thickening, and atrophy of the villi, all of which improved when enzyme was included in the diet.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_32854_21d48d0b763eb05f4bf3ea8dc4ed67c4.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31065220130622Studying Present Dairy Industry Management in the Khorasan Province of IranStudying Present Dairy Industry Management in the Khorasan Province of Iran3287210.22067/ijasr.v5i2.28542FAReza ValizadehDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-5912-4898Marzie Ghadami KoohestaniDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20131123The present condition and feeds utilization of dairy industry in Khorasan province was studied in 113 dairy farms based on the official data from Ministry of Agricultural-Jehad. Questioners evaluated the required parameters. The percentage proportion of lactating cows, dry cows, pregnant heifers, virgin heifers, 6-12 months old calves, under 6 months and 3 months old calves and breeding bulls were; 39, 10, 11, 6, 15, 9, 10 and 0.1 precent, respectively. Mean of milk yield was 25.5 kg/day with fat content of 3.5%. A large variation was detected in forage quality and concentrate constituents and composition. Generally, difference between feed costs in various seasons was about 30%. All group of cows were offered more nutrients than the recommended levels. The percentage of extra feed cost in comparison with the total dairy cost of feeding was 9.1, 14.3, 15.0 and 9.1 percent for the high, medium and low milk- producing and dry cows. Most of the used concentrates were prepared in the farms. Net energy of lactation (NEL) and protein contents of the hand made and factory made concentrates were 1.73±0.03 Mcal per kg dry matter, 16.1±0.8% and 1.68±0.04 Mcal per kg dry matter and 15.3±1.04%, respectively. In most of the farms, silos were non-appropriately made. It was concluded that most of the utilized rations were imbalance in energy and protein ratios. Technical attention must be regarded to the ration formulation and forage quality in the province.The present condition and feeds utilization of dairy industry in Khorasan province was studied in 113 dairy farms based on the official data from Ministry of Agricultural-Jehad. Questioners evaluated the required parameters. The percentage proportion of lactating cows, dry cows, pregnant heifers, virgin heifers, 6-12 months old calves, under 6 months and 3 months old calves and breeding bulls were; 39, 10, 11, 6, 15, 9, 10 and 0.1 precent, respectively. Mean of milk yield was 25.5 kg/day with fat content of 3.5%. A large variation was detected in forage quality and concentrate constituents and composition. Generally, difference between feed costs in various seasons was about 30%. All group of cows were offered more nutrients than the recommended levels. The percentage of extra feed cost in comparison with the total dairy cost of feeding was 9.1, 14.3, 15.0 and 9.1 percent for the high, medium and low milk- producing and dry cows. Most of the used concentrates were prepared in the farms. Net energy of lactation (NEL) and protein contents of the hand made and factory made concentrates were 1.73±0.03 Mcal per kg dry matter, 16.1±0.8% and 1.68±0.04 Mcal per kg dry matter and 15.3±1.04%, respectively. In most of the farms, silos were non-appropriately made. It was concluded that most of the utilized rations were imbalance in energy and protein ratios. Technical attention must be regarded to the ration formulation and forage quality in the province.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_32872_b0d6f9dc57056a0f397f2b9a7cf1ae75.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31065220130622Effect of Various Levels of Roasted Fullfat Soybean and Methionine on Performance and Blood Parameter of Male Broiler ChickensEffect of Various Levels of Roasted Fullfat Soybean and Methionine on Performance and Blood Parameter of Male Broiler Chickens3293710.22067/ijasr.v5i2.28301FAMohsen TeimuryDepartment of animal Science, Kashmar Branch,Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran.Reza VakiliDepartment of animal Science, Kashmar Branch,Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran.0000-0002-0011-2219Sonia Zakizadehepartment of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex, Agricultural Jihad, Razavi Khorasan0000-0002-1840-5132Alireza Froghiepartment of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex, Agricultural Jihad, Razavi Khorasan0000-0000-0000-0000Hassan RahmaniDepartment of animal Science, Kashmar Branch,Islamic Azad University, Kashmar, Iran.Journal Article20131117To investigate the effects of different levels of roasted fullfat soybean and methionine on performance of broilers,an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design on 312day-old male broilers Ross strain with 6 treatments(three levels roasted soybean 0,8,12 and two levels of DL-methionine 100 and 110% Ross(2007)recommendation)and 4 replications(13broilers per replicate).The experimental period was 42 days(starter 0-10, grower11-24, finisher25-42)and diets were provided isocaloric and isonitrogenous. All birds were fed ad libitum. The same management system was adopted for all birds, reared in 24 floor pens in a poultry house. Feed intake, weight gain and FCR were measured at the end of every period. At the end of production period, broilers were weighed; blood samples (5cc) were obtained and slaughtered. The results showed that addition of roasted fullfat soybean to diet had significantly affected weight gain, FCR and feed intake in the finisher period(pTo investigate the effects of different levels of roasted fullfat soybean and methionine on performance of broilers,an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design on 312day-old male broilers Ross strain with 6 treatments(three levels roasted soybean 0,8,12 and two levels of DL-methionine 100 and 110% Ross(2007)recommendation)and 4 replications(13broilers per replicate).The experimental period was 42 days(starter 0-10, grower11-24, finisher25-42)and diets were provided isocaloric and isonitrogenous. All birds were fed ad libitum. The same management system was adopted for all birds, reared in 24 floor pens in a poultry house. Feed intake, weight gain and FCR were measured at the end of every period. At the end of production period, broilers were weighed; blood samples (5cc) were obtained and slaughtered. The results showed that addition of roasted fullfat soybean to diet had significantly affected weight gain, FCR and feed intake in the finisher period(phttps://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_32937_fe5735904d277d6186d0996e5c00c7b0.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31065220130622Estimation of Digestible Lysine Requirements of Japanese Quail during the Starter PeriodEstimation of Digestible Lysine Requirements of Japanese Quail during the Starter Period3297810.22067/ijasr.v5i2.28287FAMostafa AshooriDepartment of Animal Science, Zabol Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol, IranGhasem JalilvandDepartment of Animal Science, Zabol Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol, IranMehran MehriDepartment of Animal Science, Zabol Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol, IranGholam-Reza ZaboliSpecial Livestock Research Institute, Zabol University, Zabol, IranMahmoud GhazaghiSpecial Livestock Research Institute, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran0000-0003-2227-542XJournal Article20131117The aim of this study was the estimation of digestible lysine requirements of Japanese quail during the 7-21d period. Graduation level of L-lysine.HCL were added to the basal diet at the expense of corn starch to create different levels of digestible lysine ranged from 0.75 to 1.35% of diet. Growth performance and carcass composition were evaluated during the experiment. The results showed that incremental levels of digestible lysine significantly affected the body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed intake (FI), breast meat yield (BMY) and thigh meat yield (TMY). Either linear broken- line or quadratic broken line model were used to get break points of digestible lysine as a requirement. Based on linear broken line analysis, the break points for FCR and BMY were 0.99 and 1.04 % of diet, respectively. Using the quadratic broken-line model, the estimated Lys requirements for BWG, FCR, and BMY were 1.11, 1.04, and 1.15% of diet, respectively. The results showed that the Lys needs for optimum BMY was higher than BWG and FCR.The aim of this study was the estimation of digestible lysine requirements of Japanese quail during the 7-21d period. Graduation level of L-lysine.HCL were added to the basal diet at the expense of corn starch to create different levels of digestible lysine ranged from 0.75 to 1.35% of diet. Growth performance and carcass composition were evaluated during the experiment. The results showed that incremental levels of digestible lysine significantly affected the body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed intake (FI), breast meat yield (BMY) and thigh meat yield (TMY). Either linear broken- line or quadratic broken line model were used to get break points of digestible lysine as a requirement. Based on linear broken line analysis, the break points for FCR and BMY were 0.99 and 1.04 % of diet, respectively. Using the quadratic broken-line model, the estimated Lys requirements for BWG, FCR, and BMY were 1.11, 1.04, and 1.15% of diet, respectively. The results showed that the Lys needs for optimum BMY was higher than BWG and FCR.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_32978_af15cec4473175f4c3678de94ff50944.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31065220130622The Effect of Oak Kernel on Digestibility and Fermentative Characteristics in Arabian SheepThe Effect of Oak Kernel on Digestibility and Fermentative Characteristics in Arabian Sheep3300510.22067/ijasr.v5i2.28290FAMaryam HarsiniFaculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.0000-0002-9336-4094Mohammad BojarpourFaculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.Moosa EslamiFaculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.Morteza ChajiFaculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.0000-0002-9336-4094Tahereh MohammadabadiFaculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.0000-0002-8250-6704Journal Article20131117The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of oak kernel on fermentative and microbial characteristics in Arabian sheep. Sixteen sheep were used (average weight of 45±3 kg) in a completely randomized design. Treatments were four levels of oak kernel (0, 21, 42 and 63% DM). Animals were fed experimental diets for 28 days. Faecal with the ort feed of eight sheep collected for measured apparent digestibility during the last 5 days in the experiment. Rumen fluid obtained from all animals was used for gas production technique and measured fermentation parameters. Results showed that digestibility of dry matter of diets (respectively 63/55, 70/70, 71/73 and 75/80) increased linearly with increasing levels of oak. The rumen pH (respectively 6.29, 6/23, 6/17 and 5/90) and concentration of ammonia nitrogen (respectively 15/66, 13/75, 13/58 and 13/11) significantly reduced by increasing the level oak in the diet. Potential gas production, digestibility of ADF and NDF, digestible organic matter using gas production techniques were not affected by the experimental rations. So the No negative effect of oak kernel tannin. Oak kernel can be used as a source of carbohydrate and energy in sheep rations.The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of oak kernel on fermentative and microbial characteristics in Arabian sheep. Sixteen sheep were used (average weight of 45±3 kg) in a completely randomized design. Treatments were four levels of oak kernel (0, 21, 42 and 63% DM). Animals were fed experimental diets for 28 days. Faecal with the ort feed of eight sheep collected for measured apparent digestibility during the last 5 days in the experiment. Rumen fluid obtained from all animals was used for gas production technique and measured fermentation parameters. Results showed that digestibility of dry matter of diets (respectively 63/55, 70/70, 71/73 and 75/80) increased linearly with increasing levels of oak. The rumen pH (respectively 6.29, 6/23, 6/17 and 5/90) and concentration of ammonia nitrogen (respectively 15/66, 13/75, 13/58 and 13/11) significantly reduced by increasing the level oak in the diet. Potential gas production, digestibility of ADF and NDF, digestible organic matter using gas production techniques were not affected by the experimental rations. So the No negative effect of oak kernel tannin. Oak kernel can be used as a source of carbohydrate and energy in sheep rations.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_33005_25921fa81ebe3d2d8b6cdfe1b1a1bca0.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31065220130622Effects of Ferula gummosa Boiss. Root on Performance, Microbial Population and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler ChickensEffects of Ferula gummosa Boiss. Root on Performance, Microbial Population and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens3302810.22067/ijasr.v5i2.28288FAZ AbdollahiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranAhmad HassanabadiDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0002-8601-7983Abolghasem GolianDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-9419-1175Journal Article20131117This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of root of Ferula gummosa boiss. (galbanum) supplementation to corn-soy diets on performance, microbial population, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Two hundred day old male broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 5 replicates of 10 chicks each in floor pens. Four levels of ground root of galbanum (0, 1, 2 and 3%) were supplemented to starter (1-10 d), grower (11-24 d) and finisher (25-49 d) diets. The results indicated that diet supplementation with root of galbanum powder significantly reduced body weight, daily weight gain, feed intake of broiler chickens in starter period (PThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of root of Ferula gummosa boiss. (galbanum) supplementation to corn-soy diets on performance, microbial population, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Two hundred day old male broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 5 replicates of 10 chicks each in floor pens. Four levels of ground root of galbanum (0, 1, 2 and 3%) were supplemented to starter (1-10 d), grower (11-24 d) and finisher (25-49 d) diets. The results indicated that diet supplementation with root of galbanum powder significantly reduced body weight, daily weight gain, feed intake of broiler chickens in starter period (Phttps://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_33028_557e25e88f9160ea4cec4d9b54522546.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31065220130622Chemical Composition and Nutritve Value of (Astragalus brevidens Freyn & Sint) and (Astragalus masenderanus Bunge)Chemical Composition and Nutritve Value of (Astragalus brevidens Freyn & Sint) and (Astragalus masenderanus Bunge)3305010.22067/ijasr.v5i2.28292FAFereydoon MellatiDepartment of Pasture and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranNeda NaghdiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranReza ValizadehDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-5912-4898Journal Article20131117In this study, the nutritive value of AS. brevidens and AS. masenderanus were analyzed in 3 different morphological growth stages (vegetative, flowering, seeding) through chemical composition, in vitro gas production and in vitro dry matter digestibility determination. Astragalus brevidens and Astragalus masenderanus are the typical plants in khorasan ranglands that have high palatability and high biomass yeild. Gas production and degradation characteristics of plant's dry matter were measured during 120 h incubation in different growth stages. The results indicated that the nutritive value of the plants depended on their growth stages. In vegetative stage, protein content of leaf in AS. brevidens and AS. masenderanus were 16.99% and 20.77% respectively;as it has been accepted with the growth advancement, nutritive value of these plants decreased (pIn this study, the nutritive value of AS. brevidens and AS. masenderanus were analyzed in 3 different morphological growth stages (vegetative, flowering, seeding) through chemical composition, in vitro gas production and in vitro dry matter digestibility determination. Astragalus brevidens and Astragalus masenderanus are the typical plants in khorasan ranglands that have high palatability and high biomass yeild. Gas production and degradation characteristics of plant's dry matter were measured during 120 h incubation in different growth stages. The results indicated that the nutritive value of the plants depended on their growth stages. In vegetative stage, protein content of leaf in AS. brevidens and AS. masenderanus were 16.99% and 20.77% respectively;as it has been accepted with the growth advancement, nutritive value of these plants decreased (phttps://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_33050_241da1c4b50edf2e990cad749d4ab370.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31065220130622Dietary Effects of Micronized Soybean Meal and in Compare with Protected Methionine on Growing Performance of Zel crossbred LambsDietary Effects of Micronized Soybean Meal and in Compare with Protected Methionine on Growing Performance of Zel crossbred Lambs3296710.22067/ijasr.v5i2.28300FAS YousefianAsadollah Teimoury YansaryDepartment of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources0000-0000-0000-0000Zarbakht Ansari PirsaraeiDepartment of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal Article20131117This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of microwave irradiated (800 W) soybean meal (irradiated over 5 min) and ruminal protected methionine (Mepron; 3 g/day) on crossbreds Zel weight gain using 15 lambs with an average weight of 31.52±2.32 kg and similar condition score in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments in 5 replicates over 80 days. Three experimental treatements contain untreated soybean meal (T1), microwave irradiated soybean meal (T2) and supplemented with Mepron as treatment 3 (T3). Weight in 15 days and daily feed consumption was determined and dry matter and nutrients digestibility among treatments were compared. Nine of the lamb were killed and their carcasses were evaluated. Daily Dry matter intake (2218.64, 2699.03 and 2775.47 g in T1, T2 and T3 respectively), final body weight (40.08, 50.48 and 52.51 kg respectively in T1, T2 and T3), daily weight gain (135.75, 234.51 and 248 g/day respectively in T1, T2 and T3) and carcasses characteristics between the control treatment and treatments 2 and 3 was significantly different, however there were similar among T2 and T3. The results of current experiment showed that microwave irradiated soybean meal and ruminal protected methionine (Mepron) can significantly improve lamb performance and their carcasses characteristics with increase weight of expensive muscle group (standard muscle groups 1 and 3) and rib eye area.This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of microwave irradiated (800 W) soybean meal (irradiated over 5 min) and ruminal protected methionine (Mepron; 3 g/day) on crossbreds Zel weight gain using 15 lambs with an average weight of 31.52±2.32 kg and similar condition score in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments in 5 replicates over 80 days. Three experimental treatements contain untreated soybean meal (T1), microwave irradiated soybean meal (T2) and supplemented with Mepron as treatment 3 (T3). Weight in 15 days and daily feed consumption was determined and dry matter and nutrients digestibility among treatments were compared. Nine of the lamb were killed and their carcasses were evaluated. Daily Dry matter intake (2218.64, 2699.03 and 2775.47 g in T1, T2 and T3 respectively), final body weight (40.08, 50.48 and 52.51 kg respectively in T1, T2 and T3), daily weight gain (135.75, 234.51 and 248 g/day respectively in T1, T2 and T3) and carcasses characteristics between the control treatment and treatments 2 and 3 was significantly different, however there were similar among T2 and T3. The results of current experiment showed that microwave irradiated soybean meal and ruminal protected methionine (Mepron) can significantly improve lamb performance and their carcasses characteristics with increase weight of expensive muscle group (standard muscle groups 1 and 3) and rib eye area.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_32967_16f18abca626fea01f349a54b9532f7f.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31065220130622The Effect of Different Level of Ziziphus jujube Mill Foliage on Feed Intake, Blood Metabolites and Milk Production and Composition in Fluffy GoatsThe Effect of Different Level of Ziziphus jujube Mill Foliage on Feed Intake, Blood Metabolites and Milk Production and Composition in Fluffy Goats3306110.22067/ijasr.v5i2.28294FAMoslem BashtaniAnimal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.0000-0003-3253-128XMohammad Reza TehraniDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, IranAbbas Ali NaserianDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-3253-128XMohammad Hassan Fathi NasriDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran0000-0002-0296-7499Journal Article20131117This Research was conducted to study the effect of different levels of Ziziphus jujube mill foliage on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites (glucose, BUN, triglyceride), dry matter intake and ruminal fermentation. For this purpose 27 heads multiparous southern Khorasan cross-bred goats (DIM of 60±12 and average BW of 28.59±3.18kg) were assigned to three groups as randomized complete design and housed in individual stalls. Treatments were: 1. without jujube leaves, 2. 7.5% jujube leaves/DM of diet and 3. 15% jujube leaves/DM of diet. The Goats were fed TMR diets twice a day (800 and 2000h) and water was available at all the times. For determination the milk composition, ruminal pH, NH3-N and blood parameters, samples were taken in days 30 and 60 and dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield was measured daily. Dry matter intake between experimental treatments were significant difference (PThis Research was conducted to study the effect of different levels of Ziziphus jujube mill foliage on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites (glucose, BUN, triglyceride), dry matter intake and ruminal fermentation. For this purpose 27 heads multiparous southern Khorasan cross-bred goats (DIM of 60±12 and average BW of 28.59±3.18kg) were assigned to three groups as randomized complete design and housed in individual stalls. Treatments were: 1. without jujube leaves, 2. 7.5% jujube leaves/DM of diet and 3. 15% jujube leaves/DM of diet. The Goats were fed TMR diets twice a day (800 and 2000h) and water was available at all the times. For determination the milk composition, ruminal pH, NH3-N and blood parameters, samples were taken in days 30 and 60 and dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield was measured daily. Dry matter intake between experimental treatments were significant difference (Phttps://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_33061_227ff677ebec6480fdac0ac9a802fbd2.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31065220130622Effect of Sulphur Coated Urea on Digestibility, Blood Parameters and Ruminal Fermentation in Raieni GoatsEffect of Sulphur Coated Urea on Digestibility, Blood Parameters and Ruminal Fermentation in Raieni Goats3307410.22067/ijasr.v5i2.28297FAA. Javandel KorabaslouR TahmasbiOmid DayaniDepartment of Animal Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranJournal Article20131117This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sulphur coated urea for substitution of as nitrogen sources of diets. Digestibility, fermentation and blood parameters and microbial protein synthesis were investigated. Four male Raeini goats were used in 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design. Each experimental period was 21d with 16d adaption period and 5d for collecting samples. The experimental diets were: 1) control (soybean meal), 2) containing 1% urea, 3) containing 1.4% of sulphur coated urea, and 4) containing 2.15% of sulphur coated urea. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and feces nitrogen were highest in control group. Also, digestibility of DM, OM and nitrogen were reduced with feeding diet containing 1% urea. Urinary nitrogen excretion between treatments was significantly different. Ruminal NH3–N, blood glucose and blood urea N in animals fed diet containing 2.15% sulphur coated urea were significantly lower compared with the diet containing 1% urea. Microbial protein synthesis, total purine derivatives excretion (mmol/day), nitrogen content of purine derivatives and allantoin excretion were lowest in animals fed diet containing 1% urea. Purine nitrogen index and microbial nitrogen to total urinary nitrogen ratio were the same in all treatments but those values were reduced when animals fed diet containing 1% urea. In conclusion, using sulphur coated urea had a reduction effect on nitrogen excretion and increased microbial protein synthesis.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sulphur coated urea for substitution of as nitrogen sources of diets. Digestibility, fermentation and blood parameters and microbial protein synthesis were investigated. Four male Raeini goats were used in 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design. Each experimental period was 21d with 16d adaption period and 5d for collecting samples. The experimental diets were: 1) control (soybean meal), 2) containing 1% urea, 3) containing 1.4% of sulphur coated urea, and 4) containing 2.15% of sulphur coated urea. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and feces nitrogen were highest in control group. Also, digestibility of DM, OM and nitrogen were reduced with feeding diet containing 1% urea. Urinary nitrogen excretion between treatments was significantly different. Ruminal NH3–N, blood glucose and blood urea N in animals fed diet containing 2.15% sulphur coated urea were significantly lower compared with the diet containing 1% urea. Microbial protein synthesis, total purine derivatives excretion (mmol/day), nitrogen content of purine derivatives and allantoin excretion were lowest in animals fed diet containing 1% urea. Purine nitrogen index and microbial nitrogen to total urinary nitrogen ratio were the same in all treatments but those values were reduced when animals fed diet containing 1% urea. In conclusion, using sulphur coated urea had a reduction effect on nitrogen excretion and increased microbial protein synthesis.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_33074_6668f759e9cf0bad8adc16134ba9c3bd.pdf