Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621Evaluating the Growth Response of Broiler Chickens to Probiotic Supplementation under Feed RestrictionEvaluating the Growth Response of Broiler Chickens to Probiotic Supplementation under Feed Restriction3174210.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15132FAM. Rahimi RatkiB. Dastar0000-0002-5710-4770S. MohseniM. KhomeiriJournal Article20120908This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of Probiotic supplementation and feed restriction on growth response in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 336 male broiler chickens of Ross 308 were used. After housing, broilers allocated to experimental pens in a completely randomized design with factorial 2×3 arrangement. First and second groups considered as positive control group with supplemented probiotic or negative control group without supplemented probiotic, respectively, that birds in these groups had free access to feed. Four other groups used a diet same as control groups, but from 7 to 35 days of age subjected to 4 or 8 hours feed restriction. Four replicates of 14 birds were allocated to each experimental group. Results of the experiment indicated the birds subjected to feed restriction had significantly lower feed intake and body weight gain during the first week of rearing compared to those fed ad-libitum. There was no significant difference between experimental treatments for feed intake. In the group of without probiotic, feed restriction for 8 hours led to reduce weight gain and carcass weight compare to those fed ad-libitum. But when use probiotic, weight gain and carcass weight was similar to those birds were fed ad-libitum. The results of this experiment showed that the use of probiotic can improve the performance of broilers under severe feed restriction.This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of Probiotic supplementation and feed restriction on growth response in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 336 male broiler chickens of Ross 308 were used. After housing, broilers allocated to experimental pens in a completely randomized design with factorial 2×3 arrangement. First and second groups considered as positive control group with supplemented probiotic or negative control group without supplemented probiotic, respectively, that birds in these groups had free access to feed. Four other groups used a diet same as control groups, but from 7 to 35 days of age subjected to 4 or 8 hours feed restriction. Four replicates of 14 birds were allocated to each experimental group. Results of the experiment indicated the birds subjected to feed restriction had significantly lower feed intake and body weight gain during the first week of rearing compared to those fed ad-libitum. There was no significant difference between experimental treatments for feed intake. In the group of without probiotic, feed restriction for 8 hours led to reduce weight gain and carcass weight compare to those fed ad-libitum. But when use probiotic, weight gain and carcass weight was similar to those birds were fed ad-libitum. The results of this experiment showed that the use of probiotic can improve the performance of broilers under severe feed restriction.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_31742_3b4a80296d29d515110837f93870cf96.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621Effect of Guar Meal and Beta-mannanase on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler ChickensEffect of Guar Meal and Beta-mannanase on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens3176510.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15134FASeyad Ali Hosseini GhaffariDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranAbolghasem GolianDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-9419-1175Abdolmansour TahmasebiDept. of Animal Science, College of Agri. Ferdowsi University of Mahhad, Mashhad, Iran10000-0002-6764-1668Hasan KermanshahiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-6969-6286Journal Article20120908This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels guar meal and β-mannanase on broilers male chicken. In this experiment , Four hundred Ross day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 4×2 factorial design to feed broiler chickens diets containing guar meal at 4 level of guar meal (0, 3, 6 and 9%) with five replications of each treatment with or without β-mannanase. Ten chicks were assigned to each pen. The diets were based on maize-soybean meal were used: starter, 8-19 days; grower, 19-35 days; and finisher, 35-42 days. All starter, grower and finisher diets were formulated to have 21.5, 20.5 and 19% CP and 3050, 3100 and 3150 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, respectively. Average daily gain and daily feed intake were recorded over 19 and 42 days. Results indicated that addition of the guar meal to rations did not reduce body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. Enzyme supplementation did not significantly effect on body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. Relative weights of abdominal fat, thigh, gallbladder, liver and pancreas were not significantly affected by consumption of the guar meal at any level when compared with the control. Inclusion of the guar meal in the diet significantly decreased breast weight. The addition of β-mannanase to the diets significantly reduced ileal viscosity compared with the control group in 19 day. The results of this study show that replacement of guar meal up to 9% significantly with and without β-mannanase in broilers diet have no adverse effects on body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, but leads to a reduction in breast weight. Guar meal can be used up to 3% of broiler diet with no adverse effect, but its high level (9%) reduced breast meat percentage.This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels guar meal and β-mannanase on broilers male chicken. In this experiment , Four hundred Ross day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 4×2 factorial design to feed broiler chickens diets containing guar meal at 4 level of guar meal (0, 3, 6 and 9%) with five replications of each treatment with or without β-mannanase. Ten chicks were assigned to each pen. The diets were based on maize-soybean meal were used: starter, 8-19 days; grower, 19-35 days; and finisher, 35-42 days. All starter, grower and finisher diets were formulated to have 21.5, 20.5 and 19% CP and 3050, 3100 and 3150 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, respectively. Average daily gain and daily feed intake were recorded over 19 and 42 days. Results indicated that addition of the guar meal to rations did not reduce body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. Enzyme supplementation did not significantly effect on body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. Relative weights of abdominal fat, thigh, gallbladder, liver and pancreas were not significantly affected by consumption of the guar meal at any level when compared with the control. Inclusion of the guar meal in the diet significantly decreased breast weight. The addition of β-mannanase to the diets significantly reduced ileal viscosity compared with the control group in 19 day. The results of this study show that replacement of guar meal up to 9% significantly with and without β-mannanase in broilers diet have no adverse effects on body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, but leads to a reduction in breast weight. Guar meal can be used up to 3% of broiler diet with no adverse effect, but its high level (9%) reduced breast meat percentage.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_31765_2f56a3445c0e6103c32a6104575e5bed.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621Effect of Feeding a Reduced-protein Diet Supplemented with Crystalline Amino acids to Broiler Breeders during Post-molt on Performance, Reproductive, and Immune ResponsesEffect of Feeding a Reduced-protein Diet Supplemented with Crystalline Amino acids to Broiler Breeders during Post-molt on Performance, Reproductive, and Immune Responses3178810.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15135FAH. Karbalai BabaiAbdol Karim Zamani MoghadamFariborz KhajaliJournal Article20120908One experiment was conducted with a total of 2000 broiler breeders (Lohman strain) at 74 weeks of age, which lasted for 10 weeks. Birds were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments varying in dietary crude protein (CP). The reduced-CP diet had dietary CP level approximately 1.5 percentage units lower than the control (15.5 vs 14.0%). By supplementing 0.13 and 0.1% of DL-methionine and L-HCl-lysine to the reduced-CP diet, respectively, the sulfur amino acids to lysine ratio was kept similar between the control and the reduced-CP diet. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 4 replicates. Results showed that egg shell thickness, hatchability, and the Hemagglutination Inhibision (HI) response against New Castle and Influenza from reduced-CP group were not significantly different from the control group. Hen-day egg production was also remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Nevertheless, it was numerically higher in the low-protein group than the control group. In conclusion, egg production, hatchability and the immune response of broiler breeders can be maintained on a reduced-CP diet (90% of the industry norm) when the contents and ratio of sulfur amino acids to lysine kept constant.One experiment was conducted with a total of 2000 broiler breeders (Lohman strain) at 74 weeks of age, which lasted for 10 weeks. Birds were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments varying in dietary crude protein (CP). The reduced-CP diet had dietary CP level approximately 1.5 percentage units lower than the control (15.5 vs 14.0%). By supplementing 0.13 and 0.1% of DL-methionine and L-HCl-lysine to the reduced-CP diet, respectively, the sulfur amino acids to lysine ratio was kept similar between the control and the reduced-CP diet. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 4 replicates. Results showed that egg shell thickness, hatchability, and the Hemagglutination Inhibision (HI) response against New Castle and Influenza from reduced-CP group were not significantly different from the control group. Hen-day egg production was also remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Nevertheless, it was numerically higher in the low-protein group than the control group. In conclusion, egg production, hatchability and the immune response of broiler breeders can be maintained on a reduced-CP diet (90% of the industry norm) when the contents and ratio of sulfur amino acids to lysine kept constant.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_31788_e9fe312bf68eb17f0d5fefe2eefdec0f.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621The Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil on Performance and Blood Metabolites of Broiler ChicksThe Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil on Performance and Blood Metabolites of Broiler Chicks3181310.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15136FAAhmad HassanabadiDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0002-8601-7983Nasim BidarJournal Article20120908The effect of lavender essential oil (LEO) on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites was examined in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (control diet, virginiamycin 10% (50 ppm) and 3 diets containing 150, 250, 350 ppm lavender essential oil) and 5 replications in a period of 42-days. No significant differences were noticed for feed intake between the treatments. Birds receiving diet containing 350 ppm LEO showed the highest weight gain and the control diet lowest weight gain. From weeks 3 to 6, the feed conversion ratio was significantly better in the group receiving 350 ppm LEO than other groups. There were no significant differences between treatments for serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, mortality and carcass characteristics at the end of experiment. The diet with 350 ppm LEO increased serum calcium level significantly (P< 0.05). These results showed that LEO could be considered as a potential natural growth promoter for broiler chickens. It appears that the response may be dose-related and higher levels may be needed to elicit this response. However, more experiments are needed in this content.The effect of lavender essential oil (LEO) on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites was examined in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (control diet, virginiamycin 10% (50 ppm) and 3 diets containing 150, 250, 350 ppm lavender essential oil) and 5 replications in a period of 42-days. No significant differences were noticed for feed intake between the treatments. Birds receiving diet containing 350 ppm LEO showed the highest weight gain and the control diet lowest weight gain. From weeks 3 to 6, the feed conversion ratio was significantly better in the group receiving 350 ppm LEO than other groups. There were no significant differences between treatments for serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, mortality and carcass characteristics at the end of experiment. The diet with 350 ppm LEO increased serum calcium level significantly (P< 0.05). These results showed that LEO could be considered as a potential natural growth promoter for broiler chickens. It appears that the response may be dose-related and higher levels may be needed to elicit this response. However, more experiments are needed in this content.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_31813_1d638769eb5d4ead34a493c3dd842272.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621The Effect of Using Rumen Protected Methionine (Mepron) on Production and Reproduction Performance of Holstein Lactating Cows during Early Lactation under Field ConditionThe Effect of Using Rumen Protected Methionine (Mepron) on Production and Reproduction Performance of Holstein Lactating Cows during Early Lactation under Field Condition3184310.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15137FAMohammad KhorvashDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.Hossein YazdaniDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.Ehsan MahjoobiDepartment of Animal Science, Zanjan Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan, IranRasoul KowsarDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.Gholamreza GhorbaneikharageDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.Journal Article20120908In order to examine the effect of using rumen protected methionine (Mepron, Evonik Industries, Hanau, Germany) on productive and reproductive performance under field condition, 195 Holstein cows were used in a unbalanced completely randomized design and 2 groups. Experimental treatments consisted of: 1) control group with 110 Holstein dairy cows (71±51 DIM and 47.5±12 milk yield) and without Mepron and 2) experimental group with 85 Holstein dairy cows (85±59 DIM and 47.0±12 milk yield) and 13 g Mepron per cow/d. Cows were group fed with TMR and 4 times a day. The diets were balanced with AminoCow® software. Using Mepron decreased CP content from 17.05% in control group to 16.47% in experimental group, while other nutrients were similar between two diets. Adding Mepron to diet resulted in a significant increase in dry matter intake (PIn order to examine the effect of using rumen protected methionine (Mepron, Evonik Industries, Hanau, Germany) on productive and reproductive performance under field condition, 195 Holstein cows were used in a unbalanced completely randomized design and 2 groups. Experimental treatments consisted of: 1) control group with 110 Holstein dairy cows (71±51 DIM and 47.5±12 milk yield) and without Mepron and 2) experimental group with 85 Holstein dairy cows (85±59 DIM and 47.0±12 milk yield) and 13 g Mepron per cow/d. Cows were group fed with TMR and 4 times a day. The diets were balanced with AminoCow® software. Using Mepron decreased CP content from 17.05% in control group to 16.47% in experimental group, while other nutrients were similar between two diets. Adding Mepron to diet resulted in a significant increase in dry matter intake (Phttps://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_31843_a88e2d489c61af8f30532fc8aef697b0.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621Feeding Frequency Effects in Early Lactation on Productive Efficiency of Holstein CowsFeeding Frequency Effects in Early Lactation on Productive Efficiency of Holstein Cows3187810.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15138FAS.M. KarimzadehHamid AmanlouDepartment of animal science. zanjan university. zanjan. IranA. NikkhahM.A. SirjaniGholam Reza NouriDepartment of Animal Science, Zanjan Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan, IranJournal Article20120908The present study was conducted in order to determine the effects of feeding frequency (FF) on dairy cow performance fed a total mixed ration (TMR) based on chopped alfalfa hay. Eight multiparous early lactation Holstein cows were housed in the individual boxes (4 × 3 m) and fed either once a day (1x) at 0700 h or 4 times a day (4x) at 0100, 0700, 1300 and 1900 h with TMR. The experiment was done as a 2 × 2 crossover design with two 20-d periods. When FF changed from 4x to 1x, dry matter intake (21.1 vs. 20.0 kg/d) and NEL intake (36.4 vs. 34.3 Mcal/d) increased (PThe present study was conducted in order to determine the effects of feeding frequency (FF) on dairy cow performance fed a total mixed ration (TMR) based on chopped alfalfa hay. Eight multiparous early lactation Holstein cows were housed in the individual boxes (4 × 3 m) and fed either once a day (1x) at 0700 h or 4 times a day (4x) at 0100, 0700, 1300 and 1900 h with TMR. The experiment was done as a 2 × 2 crossover design with two 20-d periods. When FF changed from 4x to 1x, dry matter intake (21.1 vs. 20.0 kg/d) and NEL intake (36.4 vs. 34.3 Mcal/d) increased (Phttps://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_31878_dae1a9aaec86bdc2e228459bb2e5a3c6.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621Effects of Cutting Time, Ensiling Duration and Microbial Additives on Chemical Composition of Alfalfa SilageEffects of Cutting Time, Ensiling Duration and Microbial Additives on Chemical Composition of Alfalfa Silage3190310.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15139FAMalek Hossein DelavarDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranAbdolmansour TahmasebiDept. of Animal Science, College of Agri. Ferdowsi University of Mahhad, Mashhad, Iran10000-0002-6764-1668Reza ValizadehDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-5912-4898Journal Article20120908This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of daytime cutting management (p.m. vs. a.m. cut), ensiling duration and adding microbial inoculants on chemical composition of alfalfa silage. For this, Second growth Alfalfa harvested at the early bud stage of development after a sunny day at sundown (about 1900 h; PM alfalfa), whereas the second half was cut next day at sunup (about 0800 h; AM alfalfa). After cutting, alfalfa Forage was chopped by using a chopper to a length of 8 to10 cm, and then ensiled without or with microbial additive as factorial experiment (2×2) with repeated measurement design. Silages were provided in laboratory silos (6 repeats in every treatment) lined with two layers of plastic, after air exclusion. Silos were opened at 3, 10 and 30 day for determination of pH and other chemical analysis. The numerically lower pH of PM vs. AM silages indicates that the former forage was more extensively fermented possibly because of its increased total non structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration. Shifting alfalfa harvesting from sun up to sundown significantly decreased NDF% and ADF%, because of the dilution effect associated with increased concentrations of TNC in the former forage. The NPN content and N-NH3 concentration of the silages treated in the afternoon was lower compared with AM group. CP content decreased, but NDF, ADF, NPN and N-NH3 concentration increased during ensiling time. Silage pH decreased by using of microbial additive and ensiling time. Dry matter and nitrogen losses were lower in silages treated by microbial inoculants, and, increased with increasing fermentation time. It can be concluded that microbial additives and time of cutting can be used as proper way to improve fermentation situation and silage quality.This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of daytime cutting management (p.m. vs. a.m. cut), ensiling duration and adding microbial inoculants on chemical composition of alfalfa silage. For this, Second growth Alfalfa harvested at the early bud stage of development after a sunny day at sundown (about 1900 h; PM alfalfa), whereas the second half was cut next day at sunup (about 0800 h; AM alfalfa). After cutting, alfalfa Forage was chopped by using a chopper to a length of 8 to10 cm, and then ensiled without or with microbial additive as factorial experiment (2×2) with repeated measurement design. Silages were provided in laboratory silos (6 repeats in every treatment) lined with two layers of plastic, after air exclusion. Silos were opened at 3, 10 and 30 day for determination of pH and other chemical analysis. The numerically lower pH of PM vs. AM silages indicates that the former forage was more extensively fermented possibly because of its increased total non structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration. Shifting alfalfa harvesting from sun up to sundown significantly decreased NDF% and ADF%, because of the dilution effect associated with increased concentrations of TNC in the former forage. The NPN content and N-NH3 concentration of the silages treated in the afternoon was lower compared with AM group. CP content decreased, but NDF, ADF, NPN and N-NH3 concentration increased during ensiling time. Silage pH decreased by using of microbial additive and ensiling time. Dry matter and nitrogen losses were lower in silages treated by microbial inoculants, and, increased with increasing fermentation time. It can be concluded that microbial additives and time of cutting can be used as proper way to improve fermentation situation and silage quality.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_31903_d281cf09d853d6d27693846b917c436b.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Milk Trait at Different Milking Times for Holstein Cows of Khorasan Razavi Using a Random Regression Test Day ModelEstimation of Genetic Parameters for Milk Trait at Different Milking Times for Holstein Cows of Khorasan Razavi Using a Random Regression Test Day Model3193710.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15140FAM. Ahmadi ShahrakhtSeyyed Homayoun FarhangfarDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, IranMoslem BashtaniAnimal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.0000-0003-3253-128XAbdolahad ShadparvarDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.M.K. AkbariJournal Article20120908In this research in order to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield at different milking times for Holstein cows of Razavi Khorasan, a total of 180,462 monthly test day records belonging to first lactation cows calved from 2000 to 2009 were utilized. The records were analysed by a random regression test day model. In the model, the fixed effects of contemporary group of geographical location – herd – year of recording – production season – sperm type, linear covariables of Holstein gene percentage, age at recording, as well as additive genetic and permanent random effects were included. For morning (M1) and night (M3) milking times, maximum additive genetic variances were found in month eight (0.808 and 0.659, respectively) while the minimum value (0.399 and 0.319, respectively) was found for both milking times in month two of the lactation curve. Maximum and minimum additive genetic variances for noon (M2) milking times were observed in months ten (0.732) and two (0.278), respectively. Permanent and residual variance components were the greatest values at the end of the lactation course. Maximum heritability estimates of M1, M2 and M3 were found to be 0.143 (month eight), 0.137 (month nine) and 0.139 (months eight and nine), respectively. For all milking times, minimum additive genetic correlations were found between month one and month eight and ranged from 0.216 to 0.285, while the maximum values were observed between month six and month seven and ranged from 0.993 to 0.996. For all milking times, permanent environment correlations were maximum between months five and six (ranged from 0.992 to 0.993) and minimum between months one and ten (ranged from 0.411 to 0.445).In this research in order to estimate genetic parameters for milk yield at different milking times for Holstein cows of Razavi Khorasan, a total of 180,462 monthly test day records belonging to first lactation cows calved from 2000 to 2009 were utilized. The records were analysed by a random regression test day model. In the model, the fixed effects of contemporary group of geographical location – herd – year of recording – production season – sperm type, linear covariables of Holstein gene percentage, age at recording, as well as additive genetic and permanent random effects were included. For morning (M1) and night (M3) milking times, maximum additive genetic variances were found in month eight (0.808 and 0.659, respectively) while the minimum value (0.399 and 0.319, respectively) was found for both milking times in month two of the lactation curve. Maximum and minimum additive genetic variances for noon (M2) milking times were observed in months ten (0.732) and two (0.278), respectively. Permanent and residual variance components were the greatest values at the end of the lactation course. Maximum heritability estimates of M1, M2 and M3 were found to be 0.143 (month eight), 0.137 (month nine) and 0.139 (months eight and nine), respectively. For all milking times, minimum additive genetic correlations were found between month one and month eight and ranged from 0.216 to 0.285, while the maximum values were observed between month six and month seven and ranged from 0.993 to 0.996. For all milking times, permanent environment correlations were maximum between months five and six (ranged from 0.992 to 0.993) and minimum between months one and ten (ranged from 0.411 to 0.445).https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_31937_b1887ca5a6439be3bfedf02089a20235.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621Evaluation of Parentage Test in some of Holstein Cattle Using Fluorescent Labeled Microsatellite MarkersEvaluation of Parentage Test in some of Holstein Cattle Using Fluorescent Labeled Microsatellite Markers3196910.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15145FAMona HashemiDepartment of Animal Science, Zanjan Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan, IranSirouse AmiriniaDepartment of Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of IRAN (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranMohammad Taher HarkinezhadDepartment of Animal Science, Zanjan Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan, IranHossein BanabaziDepartment of Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of IRAN (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranJournal Article20120908In order to evaluate paternity test using microsatellite markers, a small sample of Iranian Holstein cattle population including 8 unknown individuals without any given prior knowledge on their genetic relationships were tested using 12 microsatellite loci recommended by International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG). They were genotyped by a multiplex PCR set consisted all 12 fluorescently labeled primer pairs. Allele and genotype frequencies were estimated and simulated by CERVUS 2.0 software for paternity analysis. Using this software parentage test and relationship between samples have been determined and confirmed by sample’s provider. Paternity relationship including one or two parents for an offspring and also repeated samples were observed. The average expected heterozygosity of 11 analyzed loci and the mean value for PIC was 0.72 and 0.631 respectively. Except TGLA53 locus that was excluded from further analyses due to low quality of alleles and genotype detection, total exclusion probability of 11 loci showed that the paternity test using microsatellite loci mentioned here can be successfully implicated in large scale in Holstein dairy cattle population in Iran.In order to evaluate paternity test using microsatellite markers, a small sample of Iranian Holstein cattle population including 8 unknown individuals without any given prior knowledge on their genetic relationships were tested using 12 microsatellite loci recommended by International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG). They were genotyped by a multiplex PCR set consisted all 12 fluorescently labeled primer pairs. Allele and genotype frequencies were estimated and simulated by CERVUS 2.0 software for paternity analysis. Using this software parentage test and relationship between samples have been determined and confirmed by sample’s provider. Paternity relationship including one or two parents for an offspring and also repeated samples were observed. The average expected heterozygosity of 11 analyzed loci and the mean value for PIC was 0.72 and 0.631 respectively. Except TGLA53 locus that was excluded from further analyses due to low quality of alleles and genotype detection, total exclusion probability of 11 loci showed that the paternity test using microsatellite loci mentioned here can be successfully implicated in large scale in Holstein dairy cattle population in Iran.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_31969_4d0db780b8a78db4475d2429faf45918.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621A study on the Effects of some Environmental Factors on Milk Production Characteristics Estimated Based Upon Gompertz Nonlinear Function in Holstein Cows of MashhadA study on the Effects of some Environmental Factors on Milk Production Characteristics Estimated Based Upon Gompertz Nonlinear Function in Holstein Cows of Mashhad3200910.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15146FAHossein RoshanDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, IranSeyyed Homayoun FarhangfarDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, IranNaser Emam Jomeh KashhanAbu Reihan Biruni Higher Education Complex, University of TehranMohammad Hassan Fathi NasriDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran0000-0002-0296-7499Journal Article20120908In order to analyse the effects of some environmental factors on milk production characteristics of Holstein cows in dairy farms of Mashhad, a total of 46,420 test day milk records belonging to 5,323 first lactation cows calved between 1994 and 2007 were utilised. First, Gompertz non-linear function was fitted to test day milk records of individual cows using SAS software. Then, based upon the estimated parameters of the function, milk porduction characteristics including time to peak yield (TM), milk yield at peak time (YM), lactation milk yield (YL) and initial milk yield (Y0) were calculated. Analysis of the environmental factors for the traits was carried out through a set of linear mixed models. The fixed effects of herd, year, season of calving and sperm type were significant on all the traits. Holstein gene percentage had significant influence on YL, PT and Y0. Calving age had only significant affect on YM and Y0. The effect of days open was significant for YL, YM and TM. There were positive and significant annual phenotypic trends for YL (10.27 kg), YM (0.43 kg) and TM (2.84 d).In order to analyse the effects of some environmental factors on milk production characteristics of Holstein cows in dairy farms of Mashhad, a total of 46,420 test day milk records belonging to 5,323 first lactation cows calved between 1994 and 2007 were utilised. First, Gompertz non-linear function was fitted to test day milk records of individual cows using SAS software. Then, based upon the estimated parameters of the function, milk porduction characteristics including time to peak yield (TM), milk yield at peak time (YM), lactation milk yield (YL) and initial milk yield (Y0) were calculated. Analysis of the environmental factors for the traits was carried out through a set of linear mixed models. The fixed effects of herd, year, season of calving and sperm type were significant on all the traits. Holstein gene percentage had significant influence on YL, PT and Y0. Calving age had only significant affect on YM and Y0. The effect of days open was significant for YL, YM and TM. There were positive and significant annual phenotypic trends for YL (10.27 kg), YM (0.43 kg) and TM (2.84 d).https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_32009_ca9cb635c842aa2c2f8b7021e5b9fdb6.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621Genetic Analysis of Milk Yield Using Random Regression Test Day Model in Tehran Province Holstein Dairy CowGenetic Analysis of Milk Yield Using Random Regression Test Day Model in Tehran Province Holstein Dairy Cow3202410.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15148FAAtefe SeyyeddokhtDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0000-0000-0000Ali Asghar AslaminejadDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranMojtaba TahmoorespurDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran0000000261653182Journal Article20120908In this research a random regression test day model was used to estimate heritability values and calculation genetic correlations between test day milk records. a total of 140357 monthly test day milk records belonging to 28292 first lactation Holstein cattle(trice time a day milking) distributed in 165 herd and calved from 2001 to 2010 belonging to the herds of Tehran province were used. The fixed effects of herd-year-month of calving as contemporary group and age at calving and Holstein gene percentage as covariate were fitted. Orthogonal legendre polynomial with a 4th-order was implemented to take account of genetic and environmental aspects of milk production over the course of lactation. RRM using Legendre polynomials as base functions appears to be the most adequate to describe the covariance structure of the data. The results showed that the average of heritability for the second half of lactation period was higher than that of the first half. The heritability value for the first month was lowest (0.117) and for the eighth month of the lactation was highest (0.230) compared to the other months of lactation. Because of genetic variation was increased gradually, and residual variance was high in the first months of lactation, heritabilities were different over the course of lactation. The RRMs with a higher number of parameters were more useful to describe the genetic variation of test-day milk yield throughout the lactation. In this research estimation of genetic parameters, and calculation genetic correlations were implemented by random regression test day model, therefore using this method is the exact way to take account of parameters rather than the other ways.In this research a random regression test day model was used to estimate heritability values and calculation genetic correlations between test day milk records. a total of 140357 monthly test day milk records belonging to 28292 first lactation Holstein cattle(trice time a day milking) distributed in 165 herd and calved from 2001 to 2010 belonging to the herds of Tehran province were used. The fixed effects of herd-year-month of calving as contemporary group and age at calving and Holstein gene percentage as covariate were fitted. Orthogonal legendre polynomial with a 4th-order was implemented to take account of genetic and environmental aspects of milk production over the course of lactation. RRM using Legendre polynomials as base functions appears to be the most adequate to describe the covariance structure of the data. The results showed that the average of heritability for the second half of lactation period was higher than that of the first half. The heritability value for the first month was lowest (0.117) and for the eighth month of the lactation was highest (0.230) compared to the other months of lactation. Because of genetic variation was increased gradually, and residual variance was high in the first months of lactation, heritabilities were different over the course of lactation. The RRMs with a higher number of parameters were more useful to describe the genetic variation of test-day milk yield throughout the lactation. In this research estimation of genetic parameters, and calculation genetic correlations were implemented by random regression test day model, therefore using this method is the exact way to take account of parameters rather than the other ways.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_32024_516aff0916d5e8ebf2a682d6565c1930.pdfFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Animal Science Research2008-31064220120621Effects of Male on Reproductive Behavior of Markhoz Female Goats in Breeding SeasonEffects of Male on Reproductive Behavior of Markhoz Female Goats in Breeding Season3203510.22067/ijasr.v4i2.15150FAHossein Daghigh KiaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranW. MohammadiJournal Article20120908In order to study the effect of male on reproductive behavior of female goats, 88 Markhoz breed goats with initial body weight of 42±2kg, 3.5 year old, and 10 male goats were used for 6 weeks. This study was conducted in two phases. In the first experiment 48 female goats were allocated in three groups, each group included eight animals with 2 replicate on both sides of male goats, respectively, at intervals of 0-5, 10-15 and 25-30 meters. In the second experiment, 24 female goats having CIDR were used in an order similar to that of first group. However, the goats were located only in one side of the males. The third group was the control group which was treated in a separate saloon in two groups, each of them having eight animals in it. Results showed a significant effect of male animal in estrus synchronization, the earlier beginning of the reproductive cycle and fertility in the early reproductive season. The first group showed better results in creation and synchronization of estrus in comparison to CIDR received animals (respectively 116.7 vs. 91.6%).In order to study the effect of male on reproductive behavior of female goats, 88 Markhoz breed goats with initial body weight of 42±2kg, 3.5 year old, and 10 male goats were used for 6 weeks. This study was conducted in two phases. In the first experiment 48 female goats were allocated in three groups, each group included eight animals with 2 replicate on both sides of male goats, respectively, at intervals of 0-5, 10-15 and 25-30 meters. In the second experiment, 24 female goats having CIDR were used in an order similar to that of first group. However, the goats were located only in one side of the males. The third group was the control group which was treated in a separate saloon in two groups, each of them having eight animals in it. Results showed a significant effect of male animal in estrus synchronization, the earlier beginning of the reproductive cycle and fertility in the early reproductive season. The first group showed better results in creation and synchronization of estrus in comparison to CIDR received animals (respectively 116.7 vs. 91.6%).https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_32035_d01774e11cf7455305b8a4577a02c216.pdf