@article { author = {Valizadeh, Reza and mahmoodi abyane, mahdi and Ganjavi, Reza}, title = {The effect of growth stage and cutting time on chemical composition in vitro digestibility and fermentative gas production of alfalfa}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {403-414}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Ferdowsi University of Mashhad}, issn = {2008-3106}, eissn = {2423-4001}, doi = {10.22067/ijasr.v8i3.30903}, abstract = {Introduction Cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the main, most of the time the only, forage for ruminants in Iran as well as many other parts of the world. Harvesting high quality forage is critical for Iranian dairy industry, because it affects the performance of animals and reduces amount of concentrates utilization in dairy diets. Unfortunately the most parts of the concentrates ingredients are imported. Growth stage and cutting time in the day are known as the main factors affecting alfalfa hay quality. Fiber content increases and protein fraction decrease with increasing the alfalfa maturity (31). Leaf: stem ratio, digestive behavior and availability of alfalfa hay are mainly influenced by stage of maturity and cutting time. However, there is limited published information on the effect of growth stage and cutting time on nutrient characteristics of alfalfa hay. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and fermentative gas production of alfalfa hay harvested at different growth stage and cutting time through in vitro experiments. Materials and method This study was done at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran. The experimental farm was divided into 3 equal parts. Each part was allocated to one of the three growth stages (early bud, late bud and early bloom). Every main plot then was divided into 2 equal parts for allocation to two cutting times (at 6.00 and 18.00 hrs.). Therefore, the six plots were randomly assigned to six treatments in a factorial arrangement of 3x2. Oven dried (65◦C for 48 h) chopped alfalfa hay samples were ground to pass through a 1-mm screen. The samples were analyzed according to the standard procedures for chemical composition (2 , 27). Procedure of in vitro gas production was performed according to Menke and Steingass (1988). Rumen fluid was obtained from three fistulated Baluchi male sheep before morning feeding. The DM degradation data were fitted to the exponential equation p = a + b (1 - e-ct) (21). The in vitro dry matter, NDF and organic matter digestibility were determined according to the Arroquy et al. (2005) procedure at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 hrs ofter incubation.. Test samples were incubated for different hrs and then filtered through the nylon cloth with the pore size of 44 microns. The remaining materials were dried at 60 °C for 72 hrs and utilized for the subsequent analysis according to the procedure. The digestibility data were fitted to the exponential equation D(t) = D(i). e(-k. t) + I (3). Results and Discussion Morphological characteristics and chemical composition of the alfalfa samples are shown in Table 1. With advancing the growth stage DM content was also increased but leaf to stem ratio reduced significantly (}, keywords = {Alfalfa,Cutting time,Gas production,Growth stage,digestibility}, title_fa = {اثر مرحله رشد و زمان برداشت بر ترکیب شیمیایی، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی و تولید گاز یونجه}, abstract_fa = {در این مطالعه اثر مرحله رشد و زمان چیدن بر ترکیب شیمیایی، تولید گاز و قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی، یونجه در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی به‌روش فاکتوریل 2×3 مورد‌مطالعه قرار گرفت. علف یونجه در سه مرحله رشد اوایل غنچه‌دهی، اواخر غنچه‌دهی و اوایل گلدهی و در دو زمان چیدن ساعت 06:00 و 18:00 برداشت شد. با افزایش سن گیاه یونجه و مرحله رشد، محتوای برگ و نسبت برگ به ساقه کاهش یافت، ولی ماده خشک و تولید گیاه در واحد سطح افزایش نشان داد. با افزایش مرحله رشد از مرحله اوایل غنچه‌دهی تا اوایل گلدهی محتوای پروتئین خام، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، نرخ هضم NDF و نرخ تولید گاز کاهش یافت و الگوی تخمیر به‌روش تولید گاز بهبود پیدا کرد. چیدن یونجه در بعد‌ از ظهر در مقایسه با صبح غلظت کربوهیدرات‌های محلول، مقدار پروتئین، نرخ تولید گاز و قابلیت هضم ماده خشک را به‏طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. از نتایج به‌دست آمده چنین به‌نظر می‏رسد که چیدن یونجه در اوایل غنچه‌دهی و در بعد‌ از ظهر برای تولید علوفه با کیفیت بهتر در تغذیه دام مناسب‌تر است.}, keywords_fa = {تولید گاز,زمان برداشت,قابلیت هضم,مرحله رشد,یونجه}, url = {https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_35511.html}, eprint = {https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_35511_d5b65d4cfe764d95e40162a6fc4429c1.pdf} }