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0.05). Carcass, breast, thigh, liver and bursa fabricius percentages, were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). The results showed a significant decrease in the abdominal fat of treatment 5 fed with chicory extract and probiotics. Chicory extract may provide direct functional support to digestive reactions in the body. First of all, chicory root increases the flow of bile, which supports digestion, because extra bile helps break down fats, therefore supplementation chicory extract to diet could lead to decreasing abdominal fat. Analysis of variance of data did not reveal any significant effect on blood glucose, triglycerides and VLDL concentrations. The lowest concentration of cholesterol and highest concentration of HDL were obtained in group 5 and control group. Whereas the decrease in blood HDL and cholesterol level might be due to the properties of chicory leaf extract to stimulate lactic acid producing bacteria secreting the hydrolase that in turn converts bile salts into de-conjugated bile acids and ultimately resulted in the reduced serum cholesterol level. Experimental treatments did not affect antibody titer (IgG، IgM), although IgG titers tend to reduce. Prebiotics act as an alternative treatment to antibiotics and chemicals, and play the role of alarm molecules to activate the immune system. Probiotic bacteria include the adherence capability, antagonism against pathogens and production of extracellular enzymes.
Conclusion The results of this experiment suggested that adding combination of chicory extract and probiotics into broiler diets can reduced abdominal fat percentage and enhance immunity response.
Material and Methods: In order to evaluate of chicory extract and probiotic on performance, caracass characteristics and blood parameters a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replicates was carried out with 180 Ross 308 male chickens in grower periods. The treatments included 1: control diet; 2: control diet+ Virjiniomaysin antibiotic (150 mg/kg diet); 3: control diet +chicory extract (3ml/L); 4: control diet +Gallipro probiotic (30O mg/kg diet) and 5: diet containing chicory extract and probiotic. For preparing dietary treatments, a basal diet was formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient recommendations for broiler chickens according to NRC requirements. Feed and water provides as ad libitum for birds throughout the experiment. Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were determined during the experiment. Birds were reared on litter floor pen and a continuous lighting program with 23 h light and 1 h darkness was used. At the end of experiment, after 8 h of fasting, two male chickens from each replicate were selected for performance, Caracas characteristics, blood parameters and intestinal microflora assay. Blood samples were collected from the brachial vein and Serum was obtained by centrifugation of the coagulated blood at 3000 × g for 10 min. The sera samples kept in the deep freezer until analysis for determining blood parameters. In order to assay immunity response at 28 and 35 of age, 0.1 ml sheep red blood cell was injected to two birds of each replicates and after seven days from injection 2 ml blood samples were taken form brachial vein.
Results and Discussion: Effect of treatment didn’t significant effect on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion (P>0.05). Carcass, breast, thigh, liver and bursa fabricius percentages, were not affected by treatments (P>0.05).The results showed a significant decrease in the abdominal fat in birds of treatment group 5 that inclusion with chicory extract and probiotic. Chicory may provide direct functional support to the digestive reactions in the body. First of all, chicory root increases the flow of bile, which supports digestion. Because extra bile helps break down fats, therefore supplementation chicory extract to diet could lead to decreasing abdominal fat. Analysis of variance of data did not reveal any significant effect on blood glucose, triglycerides LDL and VLDL concentrations but HDL and cholesterol concentrations did affect with inclusion of treatments. Whereas the decrease in blood HDL and cholesterol level might be due to the properties of chicory leaf extract to stimulate lactic acid producing bacteria secreting the hydrolase that in turn converts bile salts into de-conjugated bile acids and ultimately resulted in the reduced serum cholesterol level. Immune response for SRBC were markedly enhanced by chicory extract plus probiotic treatment (group 5) as compared to other group. Prebiotics act as an alternative treatment to antibiotics and chemicals, and play the role of alarm molecules to activate the immune system. Probiotic bacteria include the adherence capability, antagonism against pathogens and production of extracellular enzymes
In conclusion, the results of this experiment suggested that adding combination of chicory extract and probiotics combined in broiler diets can reduced abdominal fat and enhance immunity response.]]>
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0.1 that could be due to use of less samples in this analysis.
Genetic differentiate (Fst) and Genetic distance (DXY) between farm animal based on CSN3 gene were analyzed and the most genetic differentiate were observed between sheep and buffalo and also we estimated less and negative genetic differentiate between Khalkhali goat and capra hircus. That could be because of allele frequencies distribution in marker loci is not normal.
Conclusion Results illustrated in this study could be useful in characterization of specific dairy products linked to the Khalkhali breed, which are certainly a suitable tool to conserve local breeds and biodiversity. based on mutation identified in k-casein gene and this substation caused changing in Amino acids and based on reports about this gene as good marker genetics in animal breeding programs, recommended that association of this mutation with milk traits would be investigated and if that is significant should be used in Khalkhali goat breeding program. These results could be preferred in future planning of breeding programs and selection schemes for enhancing economic traits.]]>
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